Diagnostische Endosonografie – State of the Art 2009

C. Jenssen

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1098946

Endoskopie heute, Table of Contents

Endoskopie heute 2009; 22(2): 89-104
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1098946

Übersicht

Diagnostische Endosonografie – State of the Art 2009[1]

Diagnostic Endosonography – State of the Art 2009C. Jenssen¹

¹Klinik für Innere Medizin Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Erste Berichte über die endoluminale Ultraschalldiagnostik liegen 3 Jahrzehnte zurück. Inzwischen hat sich der endoskopische Ultraschall (EUS) von einer experimentellen Außenseitermethode zu einer in Gastroenterologie, Viszeralchirurgie, Pneumologie, Endokrinologie und Onkologie unverzichtbaren Methode etablieren können und gilt heute als interdisziplinäre „Königsdisziplin“ der Endoskopie [1]. Ein entscheidender Meilenstein dieser Entwicklung war die Einführung elektronischer Longitudinalscanner als Voraussetzung für die endosonografisch gestützte Biopsie. Elektronische Longitudinal- und Radialscanner ermöglichten es darüber hinaus, innovative Ultraschalltechnologien wie farbkodierte Duplexsonografie, echosignalverstärkte Sonografie und die Realtime-Elastografie auch endoluminal einzusetzen. Die Akzeptanz des EUS im klinischen Alltag gründet sich auf eine überzeugende wissenschaftliche Evidenz in den etablierten Indikationsgebieten und auf eine breite Verfügbarkeit in hoher Qualität. In Deutschland werden strukturierte Ausbildungscurricula und die vergleichende Bewertung der Ergebnisqualität (Benchmarking) helfen, den klinischen Stellenwert des EUS zu festigen.

Abstract

The first reports on endoluminal applications of diagnostic ultrasound have been published three decades ago. Meanwhile endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is established as an indispensable method not only in gastroenterology, but also in visceral surgery, pneumology, endocrinology, and oncology. Today EUS is no longer an experimental method but is regarded to be the supreme discipline of interdisciplinary endoscopy [1]. One decisive milestone of this development was the introduction of electronic longitudinal echoendoscopes, which are the prerequisite for EUS-guided biopsy. Moreover electronic radial and longitudinal echoendoscopes allow for endoluminal application of innovative ultrasound technologies like color coded Duplex scanning, contrast enhanced ultrasound, and real-time elastography. The acceptance of EUS in daily clinical practice is based on convincing scientific evidence in the established fields of indication on the one hand and on general availability in high quality on the other. In Germany training curricula, quality assessment and benchmarking will help to ensure and develop the clinical significance of EUS.

Schlüsselwörter

Endosonografie - endoskopischer Ultraschall - EUS-FNA - Qualitätssicherung - Ausbildung

Key words

endosonography - endoscopic ultrasound - EUS-FNA - quality assessment - training

Full Text

References

Literatur

1 Dietrich C F. Evidenzbasierter Einsatz der Endosonografie in der gastroenterologischen Diagnostik. Gastroenterologie up2date. 2007; 3 257-278
2 Strohm W D, Phillip J, Hagenmüller F et al. Ultrasonic tomography by means of an ultrasonic fiberendoscope. Endoscopy. 1980; 12 241-244
3 Lux G, Heyder N, Lutz H et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography – technique, orientation and diagnostic possibilities. Endoscopy. 1982; 14 220-225
4 Asaki S, Ota K, Kanazawa N et al. Ultrasonic endoscopy. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1983; 141 9-12
5 DiMagno E P, Buxton J L, Regan P T et al. Ultrasonic endoscope. Lancet. 1980; 1 629-631
6 Dimagno E P, Regan P T, Clain J E et al. Human endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastroenterology. 1982; 83 824-829
7 Heyder N, Lutz H, Lux G. Ultraschalldiagnostik via Gastroskop. Ultraschall Med. 1983; 4 85-91
8 Natori H, Tamaki S, Izumi S et al. Clinical application of ultrasound endoscope using linear array transducer for transesophageal ultrasonographic diagnosis of the disease of the mediastinum. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1983; Suppl 2 339-343
9 Tio T L, Tytgat G N. Endoscopic ultrasonography in the assessment of intra- and transmural infiltration of tumours in the oesophagus, stomach and papilla of Vater and in the detection of extraoesophageal lesions. Endoscopy. 1984; 16 203-210
10 Engström C F, Wiechel K L. Endoluminal ultrasound of the bile ducts. Surg Endosc. 1990; 4 187-190
11 Hürter T, Hanrath P. Endobronchiale Sonographie zur Diagnostik pulmonaler und mediastinaler Tumoren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1990; 115 1899-1905
12 Rösch T, Classen M. A new ultrasonic probe for endosonographic imaging of the upper GI-tract. Preliminary observations. Endoscopy. 1990; 22 41-46
13 Vilmann P, Khattar S, Hancke S. Endoscopic ultrasound examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract using a curved-array transducer. A preliminary report. Surg Endosc. 1991; 5 79-82
14 Giovannini M, Seitz J F, Monges G et al. [Guided puncture-cytology under electronic sectorial ultrasound endoscopy. Results in 26 patients]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1993; 17 465-470
15 Vilmann P, Hancke S, Henriksen F W et al. Endosonographically-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of malignant lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy. 1993; 25 523-527
16 Giovannini M, Bernardini D, Seitz J F. Cystogastrotomy entirely performed under endosonography guidance for pancreatic pseudocyst: results in six patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998; 48 200-203
17 Wiersema M J, Wiersema L M. Endosonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 44 656-662
18 Vilmann P, Hancke S, Pless T et al. FW. One-step endosonography-guided drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst: a new technique of stent delivery through the echo endoscope. Endoscopy. 1998; 30 730-733
19 Giovannini M, Seitz J F. Endoscopic ultrasonography with a linear-type echoendoscope in the evaluation of 94 patients with pancreatobiliary disease. Endoscopy. 1994; 26 579-585
20 Wiersema M J, Chak A, Kopecky K K et al. Duplex Doppler endosonography in the diagnosis of splenic vein, portal vein, and portosystemic shunt thrombosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995; 42 19-26
21 Bhutani M S, Hoffman B J, van Velse A et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography with galactose microparticles: SHU508 A (Levovist). Endoscopy. 1997; 29 635-639
22 Giovannini M, Hookey L C, Bories E et al. Endoscopic ultrasound elastography: the first step towards virtual biopsy? Preliminary results in 49 patients. Endoscopy. 2006; 38 344-348
23 Anderson M A, Scheiman J M. Initial experience with an electronic radial array echoendoscope: randomized comparison with a mechanical sector scanning echoendoscope in humans. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002; 56 573-577
24 Burmester E, Niehaus J, Leineweber T et al. EUS-cholangio-drainage of the bile duct: report of 4 cases. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57 246-251
25 Giovannini M, Pesenti C, Rolland A L et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts or pancreatic abscesses using a therapeutic echo endoscope. Endoscopy. 2001; 33 473-477
26 Giovannini M, Moutardier V, Pesenti C et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided bilioduodenal anastomosis: a new technique for biliary drainage. Endoscopy. 2001; 33 898-900
27 Seifert H, Dietrich C, Schmitt T et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided one-step transmural drainage of cystic abdominal lesions with a large-channel echo endoscope. Endoscopy. 2000; 32 255-259
28 Polkowski M. Endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopy. 2006; 38 16-21
29 Polkowski M. Endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopy. 2008; 40 45-49
30 Lammert F, Neubrand M W, Bittner R et al. S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Viszeralchirurgie zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von Gallensteinen. Z Gastroenterol. 2007; 45 971-1001
31 Adler G, Seufferlein T, Bischoff S C et al. S3-Leitlinie „Exokrines Pankreaskarzinom“ 2007. Z Gastroenterol. 2007; 45 487-523
32 Schmiegel W, Reinacher-Schick A, Arnold D et al. S3-Leitlinie „Kolorektales Karzinom“ – Aktualisierung 2008. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 799-840
33 Allum W H, Griffin S M, Watson A et al. Guidelines for the management of oesophageal and gastric cancer. Gut. 2002; 50 Suppl 5 v1-v23
34 De Leyn P, Lardinois D, Van Schil P E et al. ESTS guidelines for preoperative lymph node staging for non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007; 32 1-8
35 Detterbeck F C, Jantz M A, Wallace M American College of Chest Physicians et al.,. Invasive mediastinal staging of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2^nd edition). Chest. 2007; 132 202S-220S
36 Ahmad N A, Kochman M L, Ginsberg G G. Practice patterns and attitudes toward the role of endoscopic ultrasound in staging of gastrointestinal malignancies: a survey of physicians and surgeons. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100 2662-2668
37 Kalaitzakis E, Panos M, Sadik R et al. Clinicians’ attitudes towards endoscopic ultrasound: a survey of four European countries. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009; 44 100-107
38 Jenssen C, Faiss S, Nürnberg D. Komplikationen der Endosonografie und endosonografischer Interventionen – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage an deutschen Zentren. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 1177-1184
39 Fusaroli P, Vallar R, Togliani T et al. Scientific publications in endoscopic ultrasonography: a 20-year global survey of the literature. Endoscopy. 2002; 34 451-456
40 Matthes K, Bounds B C, Collier K et al. EUS staging of upper GI malignancies: results of a prospective randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 64 496-502
41 Siemsen M, Svendsen L B, Knigge U et al. A prospective randomized comparison of curved array and radial echoendoscopy in patients with esophageal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 58 671-676
42 Gress F, Savides T, Cummings O et al. Radial scanning and linear array endosonography for staging pancreatic cancer: a prospective randomized comparison. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997; 45 138-142
43 Kohut M, Nowak A, Nowakowska-Dulawa E et al. Endosonography with linear array instead of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography as the diagnostic tool in patients with moderate suspicion of common bile duct stones. World J Gastroenterol. 2003; 9 612-614
44 Noh K W, Woodward T A, Raimondo M et al. Changing trends in endosonography: linear imaging and tissue are increasingly the issue. Dig Dis Sci. 2007; 52 1014-1018
45 Gines A, Cassivi S D, Martenson J A et al. Impact of endoscopic ultrasonography and physician specialty on the management of patients with esophagus cancer. Dis Esophagus. 2008; 21 241-250
46 Mortensen M B, Pless T, Durup J et al. Clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies. A prospective study. Endoscopy. 2001; 33 478-483
47 Mortensen M B, Edwin B, Hünerbein M et al. Impact of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on surgical decision-making in upper gastrointestinal tract cancer: an international multicenter study. Surg Endosc. 2007; 21 431-438
48 McClave S A, Jones W F, Evans W B. Do physician attitudes and practices limit use of EUS in the staging and the treatment of esophageal carcinoma?. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005; 61 840-848
49 Hernandez L V, Geenen J E, Schmalz M J et al. The underutilization of EUS-guided FNA in the lymph-node staging of non-small-cell lung cancer: perceptions of chest physicians in Wisconsin. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005; 62 517-520
50 Reddy N K, Markowitz A B, Abbruzzese J L et al. Knowledge of indications and utilization of EUS: a survey of oncologists in the United States. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008; 42 892-896
51 Buscaglia J M, Shin E J, Giday S A et al. Awareness of guidelines and trends in the management of suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms: survey results among general gastroenterologists and EUS specialists. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 813-820
52 Byrne S, Clarke E, Lennon J et al. Knowledge of the indications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) among gastroenterologists and non-gastroenterologists. Ir Med J. 2009; 102 50-52
53 Yusuf T E, Harewood G C, Clain J E et al. Knowledge of indications for EUS among gastroenterologists and non-gastroenterologists. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004; 60 575-579
54 Yusuf T E, Harewood G C, Clain J E et al. International survey of knowledge of indications for EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 63 107-111
55 Dietrich C F. „Themenheft Endosonografie“ – Update endoskopischer Ultraschalltechniken. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 553-554
56 Barthet M, Gasmi M. Teaching and credentialing in France. Endoscopy. 2006; 38 Suppl 1 S60-S61
57 Barthet M. Endoscopic ultrasound teaching and learning. Minerva Med. 2007; 98 247-251
58 Eisen G M, Dominitz J A, Faigel D O et al. Guidelines for credentialing and granting privileges for endoscopic ultrasound. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001; 54 811-814
59 Azad J S, Verma D, Kapadia A S et al. Can U.S. GI fellowship programs meet American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommendations for training in EUS? A survey of U.S. GI fellowship program directors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 64 235-241
60 Jacobson B C, Chak A, Hoffman B et al. Quality indicators for endoscopic ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006; 101 898-901
61 Coe S G, Raimondo M, Woodward T A et al. Quality in EUS: an assessment of baseline compliance and performance improvement by using the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy-American College of Gastroenterology quality indicators. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 195-201
62 Savides T J, Donohue M, Hunt G et al. EUS-guided FNA diagnostic yield of malignancy in solid pancreatic masses: a benchmark for quality performance measurement. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007; 66 277-282
63 Eltoum I A, Chhieng D C, Jhala D et al. Cumulative sum procedure in evaluation of EUS-guided FNA cytology: the learning curve and diagnostic performance beyond sensitivity and specificity. Cytopathology. 2007; 18 143-150
64 Jenssen C, Möller K, Wagner S et al. Endosonografisch gestützte Biopsie: diagnostischer ertrag, Fallstricke, Qualitätssicherung. Teil 2: Differenzialdiagnostische Möglichkeiten, Fallstricke und Problemlösungen. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 897-908
65 Skov B G, Baandrup U, Jakobsen G K et al. Cytopathologic diagnoses of fine-needle aspirations from endoscopic ultrasound of the mediastinum: reproducibility of the diagnoses and representativeness of aspirates from lymph nodes. Cancer. 2007; 111 234-241
66 Adler D G, Jacobson B C, Davila R E et al. ASGE guideline: complications of EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005; 61 8-12
67 Buscarini E, De Angelis C, Arcidiacono P G et al. Multicentre retrospective study on endoscopic ultrasound complications. Dig Liver Dis. 2006; 38 762-767
68 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy . Appropriate use of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000; 52 831-837
69 Puli S R, Singh S, Hagedorn C H. Diagnostic accuracy of EUS for vascular invasion in pancreatic and periampullary cancers: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007; 65 788-797
70 Puli S R, Reddy J B, Bechtold M L et al. Staging accuracy of esophageal cancer by endoscopic ultrasound: a meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14 1479-1490
71 Puli S R, Reddy J B, Bechtold M L et al. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of distal and celiac axis lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Dig Dis Sci. 2008; 53 2405-2414
72 van Vliet E P, Heijenbrok-Kal M H, Hunink M G et al. Staging investigations for oesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2008; 98 547-557
73 Puli S R, Batapati Krishna Reddy J, Bechtold M L et al. How good is endoscopic ultrasound for TNM staging of gastric cancers? A meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14 4011-4019
74 Puli S R, Bechtold M L, Reddy J B et al. How good is endoscopic ultrasound in differentiating various T stages of rectal cancer? Meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009; 16 254-265
75 Puli S R, Reddy J B, Bechtold M L et al. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound to diagnose nodal invasion by rectal cancers: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009; 16 1255-1265
76 Puli S R, Batapati Krishna Reddy J, Bechtold M L et al. Endoscopic ultrasound: it’s accuracy in evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy? A meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14 3028-3037
77 Micames C G, McCrory D C, Pavey D A et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2007; 131 539-548
78 Gu P, Zhao Y Z, Jiang L Y et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for staging of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2009; 45 1389-1396
79 Wallace M B, Pascual J M, Raimondo M et al. Minimally invasive endoscopic staging of suspected lung cancer. JAMA. 2008; 299 540-546
80 Jenssen C, Dietrich C F. Endoscopic ultrasound of gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions. Ultraschall Med. 2008; 29 236-256
81 Ha C Y, Shah R, Chen J et al. Diagnosis and management of GI stromal tumors by EUS-FNA: a survey of opinions and practices of endosonographers. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 1039-1044.e1
82 Stelow E B, Murad F M, Debol S M et al. A limited immunocytochemical panel for the distinction of subepithelial gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasms sampled by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008; 129 219-225
83 Hoda K M, Rodriguez S A, Faigel D O. EUS-guided sampling of suspected GI stromal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;
84 Polkowski M, Gerke W, Jarosz D et al. Diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic-ultrasound guided trucut biopsy in patients with gastric submucosal tumors: a prospective study. Endoscopy. 2009; 41 329-334
85 Bruno M, Carucci P, Repici A et al. The natural history of gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors arising from muscularis propria: an endoscopic ultrasound survey. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009; , Epub ahead of print
86 Gill K R, Camellini L, Conigliaro R et al. The natural history of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors: a multicenter endoscopic ultrasound survey. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009; , Epub ahead of print
87 Lachter J, Bishara N, Rahimi E. EUS clarifies the natural history and ideal management of GISTs. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008; 55 1653-1656
88 Jenssen C, Dietrich C F. Endosonographie bei chronischer Pankreatitis. Z Gastroenterol. 2005; 43 737-749
89 Catalano M F, Sahai A, Levy M et al. EUS-based criteria for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: the Rosemont classification. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; , Epub ahead of print
90 De Angelis C, Repici A, Carucci P et al. Pancreatic cancer imaging: the new role of endoscopic ultrasound. JOP. 2007; 8 85-97
91 Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Suetomi Y et al. Utility of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography for diagnosis of small pancreatic carcinomas. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2008; 34 525-532
92 Tamm E P, Loyer E M, Faria S C et al. Retrospective analysis of dual-phase MDCT and follow-up EUS / EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Abdom Imaging. 2007; 32 660-667
93 Dietrich C F, Jenssen C, Allescher H D et al. Endosonografische Differenzialdiagnose von Pankreastumoren. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 601-617
94 Bhutani M S, Gress F G, Giovannini M et al. The No Endosonographic Detection of Tumor (NEST) Study: a case series of pancreatic cancers missed on endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopy. 2004; 36 385-389
95 Klapman J B, Chang K J, Lee J G et al. Negative predictive value of endoscopic ultrasound in a large series of patients with a clinical suspicion of pancreatic cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100 2658-2661
96 Agarwal B, Krishna N B, Labundy J L et al. EUS and / or EUS-guided FNA in patients with CT and / or magnetic resonance imaging findings of enlarged pancreatic head or dilated pancreatic duct with or without a dilated common bile duct. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 68 237-242 , quiz 334, 335
97 Ho S, Bonasera R J, Pollack B J et al. A single-center experience of endoscopic ultrasonography for enlarged pancreas on computed tomography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006; 4 98-103
98 Horwhat J D, Gerke H, Acosta R D et al. Focal or diffuse “fullness” of the pancreas on CT. Usually benign, but EUS plus / minus FNA is warranted to identify malignancy. JOP. 2009; 10 37-42
99 Singh S, Reddymasu S, Waheed S et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography findings in patients with non-specific changes of the pancreas on computed tomography: a single-center experience. Dig Dis Sci. 2008; 53 2799-2804
100 Garrow D, Miller S, Sinha D et al. Endoscopic ultrasound: a meta-analysis of test performance in suspected biliary obstruction. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 5 616-623
101 Ledro-Cano D. Suspected choledocholithiasis: endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography? A systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 19 1007-1011
102 McMahon C J. The relative roles of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis of common bile duct calculi: a critically appraised topic. Abdom Imaging. 2008; 33 6-9
103 McMahon C J. The relative roles of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis of malignant common bile duct strictures: a critically appraised topic. Abdom Imaging. 2008; 33 10-13
104 Tse F, Liu L, Barkun A N et al. EUS: a meta-analysis of test performance in suspected choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67 235-244
105 Verma D, Kapadia A, Eisen G M et al. EUS vs MRCP for detection of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 64 248-254
106 Janssen J, Halboos A, Greiner L. EUS accurately predicts the need for therapeutic ERCP in patients with a low probability of biliary obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 68 470-476
107 Lee Y T, Chan F K, Leung W K et al. Comparison of EUS and ERCP in the investigation with suspected biliary obstruction caused by choledocholithiasis: a randomized study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67 660-668
108 Polkowski M, Regula J, Tilszer A et al. Endoscopic ultrasound versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for patients with intermediate probability of bile duct stones: a randomized trial comparing two management strategies. Endoscopy. 2007; 39 296-303
109 Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Hilgers R et al. Catheter probe extraductal EUS reliably detects distal common bile duct abnormalities. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004; 60 61-67
110 Wehrmann T, Martchenko K, Riphaus A. Catheter probe extraductal ultrasonography vs. conventional endoscopic ultrasonography for detection of bile duct stones. Endoscopy. 2009; 41 133-137
111 Artifon E L, Kumar A, Eloubeidi M A et al. Prospective randomized trial of EUS versus ERCP-guided common bile duct stone removal: an interim report (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 238-243
112 Rocca R, De Angelis C, Castellino F et al. EUS diagnosis and simultaneous endoscopic retrograde cholangiography treatment of common bile duct stones by using an oblique-viewing echoendoscope. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 63 479-484
113 Will U. Schwerpunkte der interventionellen Endosonografie. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 555-563
114 DeWitt J, McGreevy K, Cummings O et al. Initial experience with EUS-guided Tru-cut biopsy of benign liver disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 535-542
115 Gleeson F C, Clayton A C, Zhang L et al. Adequacy of endoscopic ultrasound core needle biopsy specimen of nonmalignant hepatic parenchymal disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 6 1437-1440
116 Gleeson F C, Rajan E, Levy M J et al. EUS-guided FNA of regional lymph nodes in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67 438-443
117 Iwashita T, Yasuda I, Tsurumi H et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for splenic tumor: a case series. Endoscopy. 2009; 41 179-182
118 Artifon E L, Lopes R I, Kumar A et al. Endoscopic ultrasound facilitates histological diagnosis of renal cell cancer. J Endourol. 2008; 22 2447-2450
119 DeWitt J M. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of right adrenal masses: report of 2 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2008; 27 261-267
120 Eloubeidi M A, Morgan D E, Cerfolio R J et al. Transduodenal EUS-guided FNA of the right adrenal gland. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67 522-527
121 von Bartheld M B, Rabe K F, Annema J T. Transaortic EUS-guided FNA in the diagnosis of lung tumors and lymph nodes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 345-349
122 Wallace M B, Woodward T A, Raimondo M et al. Transaortic fine-needle aspiration of centrally located lung cancer under endoscopic ultrasound guidance: the final frontier. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007; 84 1019-1021
123 Fritscher-Ravens A, Ganbari A, Mosse C A et al. Transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided access to the heart. Endoscopy. 2007; 39 385-389
124 Jenssen C, Siebert C, Bartho S. Leiomyosarkom der Vena cava inferior. Diagnose durch endosonographisch gestützte Feinnadelaspirationsbiopsie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2008; 133 769-772
125 Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Komaki T et al. Prospective comparative study of the EUS guided 25-gauge FNA needle with the 19-gauge Trucut needle and 22-gauge FNA needle in patients with solid pancreatic masses. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009; 24 384-390
126 Yusuf T E, Ho S, Pavey D A et al. Retrospective analysis of the utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in pancreatic masses, using a 22-gauge or 25-gauge needle system: a multicenter experience. Endoscopy. 2009; 41 445-448
127 Mizuno N, Bhatia V, Hosoda W et al. Histological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis using EUS-guided trucut biopsy: a comparison study with EUS-FNA. J Gastroenterol. 2009;
128 Thomas T, Kaye P V, Ragunath K et al. Endoscopic-ultrasound-guided mural trucut biopsy in the investigation of unexplained thickening of esophagogastric wall. Endoscopy. 2009; 41 335-339
129 Berger L P, Scheffer R C, Weusten B L et al. The additional value of EUS-guided Tru-cut biopsy to EUS-guided FNA in patients with mediastinal lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69 1045-1051
130 Săftoiu A, Vilmann P, Ciurea T et al. Dynamic analysis of EUS used for the differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007; 66 291-300
131 Jenssen C, Möller K, Wagner S et al. Endosonografisch gestützte Biopsie: diagnostischer Ertrag, Fallstricke, Qualitätssicherung. Teil 1: Optimierung von Materialgewinnung und diagnostischer Effizienz. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 590-600
132 Aithal G P, Anagnostopoulos G K, Tam W et al. EUS-guided tissue sampling: comparison of “dual sampling” (Trucut biopsy plus FNA) with “sequential sampling” (Trucut biopsy and then FNA as required). Endoscopy. 2007; 39 725-730
133 Wittmann J, Kocjan G, Sgouros S N et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling by combined fine needle aspiration and trucut needle biopsy: a prospective study. Cytopathology. 2006; 17 27-33
134 Shah S M, Ribeiro A, Levi J et al. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with and without trucut biopsy of pancreatic masses. JOP. 2008; 9 422-430
135 Storch I, Shah M, Thurer R et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and Trucut biopsy in thoracic lesions: when tissue is the issue. Surg Endosc. 2008; 22 86-90
136 Storch I, Jorda M, Thurer R et al. Advantage of EUS Trucut biopsy combined with fine-needle aspiration without immediate on-site cytopathologic examination. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 64 505-511
137 Săftoiu A, Vilmann P, Guldhammer Skov B et al. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut biopsy adds significant information to EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in selected patients: a prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007; 42 117-125
138 Varadarajulu S, Fraig M, Schmulewitz N et al. Comparison of EUS-guided 19-gauge Trucut needle biopsy with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Endoscopy. 2004; 36 397-401
139 Möller K, Papanikolaou I S, Toermer T et al. EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: high yield of 2 passes with combined histologic-cytologic analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; , Epub ahead of print
140 Takahashi K, Yamao K, Okubo K et al. Differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and focal pancreatitis by using EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005; 61 76-79
141 Iglesias-Garcia J, Dominguez-Munoz E, Lozano-Leon A et al. Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy for diagnosis of pancreatic masses. World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13 289-293
142 Südhoff T, Hollerbach S, Wilhelms I et al. Klinische Wertigkeit der endosonographischen Feinnadelpunktion bei Erkrankungen des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts und Mediastinums. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2004; 129 2227-2232
143 Aerts J G, Kloover J, Los J et al. EUS-FNA of enlarged necrotic lymph nodes may cause infectious mediastinitis. J Thorac Oncol. 2008; 3 1191-1193
144 Janssen J. (E)US-Elastografie: Heutiger Stand und Perspektiven. Z Gastroenterol. 2008; 46 572-579
145 Săftoiu A, Vilmann P, Gorunescu F et al. Neural network analysis of dynamic sequences of EUS elastography used for the differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 68 1086-1094
146 Giovannini M, Thomas B, Erwan B et al. Endoscopic ultrasound elastography for evaluation of lymph nodes and pancreatic masses: a multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15 1587-1593
147 Hirche T O, Ignee A, Barreiros A P et al. Indications and limitations of endoscopic ultrasound elastography for evaluation of focal pancreatic lesions. Endoscopy. 2008; 40 910-917
148 Janssen J, Schlörer E, Greiner L. EUS elastography of the pancreas: feasibility and pattern description of the normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and focal pancreatic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007; 65 971-978
149 Janssen J, Dietrich C F, Will U et al. Endosonographic elastography in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes. Endoscopy. 2007; 39 952-957
150 Dietrich C F, Ignee A, Braden B et al. Improved differentiation of pancreatic tumors using contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 6 590-597.e1
151 Hocke M, Schulze E, Gottschalk P et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12 246-250
152 Hocke M, Ignee A, Topalidis T et al. Contrast-enhanced endosonographic Doppler spectrum analysis is helpful in discrimination between focal chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 2007; 35 286-288
153 Hocke M, Schmidt C, Zimmer B et al. Kontrastverstärkte Endosonographie zur Verbesserung der Differenzialdiagnose zwischen chronischer Pankreatitis und Pankreaskarzinom. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2008; 133 1888-1892
154 Dietrich C F, Ignee A, Frey H. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound with low mechanical index: a new technique. Z Gastroenterol. 2005; 43 1219-1223
155 Dietrich C F. Contrast-enhanced low mechanical index endoscopic ultrasound (CELMI-EUS). Endoscopy. 2009; 41 Suppl 2 E43-E44
156 Kitano M, Sakamoto H, Matsui U et al. A novel perfusion imaging technique of the pancreas: contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67 141-150

1 Diese Übersicht gründet sich auf einen State-of-the-Art-Vortrag des Autors beim 7. Euro-EUS-Kongress am 2. Mai 2009 in Berlin

Dr. med. C. Jenssen

Klinik für Innere Medizin · Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland

Prötzeler Chaussee 5

15331 Strausberg

Phone: +49 / 33 41 / 52 08 22

Fax: +49 / 3 34 56 / 4 03 02

Email: c.jenssen@khmol.de