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Int J Sports Med 2009; 30(4): 259-265
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1105941
Training & Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Body Composition of Female Wheelchair Athletes

L. Sutton 1 , J. Wallace 2 , V. Goosey-Tolfrey 3 , M. Scott 1 , T. Reilly 1
  • 1Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • 2Sport and Exercise Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
  • 3Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
Further Information

Publication History

accepted after revision September 26, 2008

Publication Date:
13 March 2009 (online)

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Abstract

Wheelchair users undergo changes in body composition as a result of disability. In this study the distribution of bone mineral, lean and fat mass was assessed in highly-trained female wheelchair athletes and a reference group by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The transferability of anthropometric equations commonly used in female groups was examined in order to establish a suitable field method of body composition assessment. The DXA total-body results indicated no difference between groups, but segmental analyses uncovered regional differences. The wheelchair athletes had greater BMD (p=0.088), more lean mass (p<0.001) and a lower percent fat (p=0.050) in their arms. The reverse was true of the legs (p≤0.001). The trunk as a whole did not differ between groups. In general, the anthropometric equations showed a lack of transferability to the wheelchair group and tended to underestimate total percent body fat. Anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist girth showed strong correlations with body fat in the wheelchair group (BMI: r=0.90, p=0.001; waist: r=0.83, p=0.001), but weaker results in the reference group. It is recommended that specific anthropometric equations be developed for use in the absence of a ‘gold standard’ measure of body composition such as DXA.

Key words

DXA - wheelchair - disability - body fat - anthropometry - bone mineral density

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Correspondence

L. SuttonBSc Sport Science 

Sport and Exercise Science

Liverpool John Moores University

Henry Cotton Building

Liverpool

United Kingdom

L3 2ET

Phone: +0151/231/43 19

Fax: +0151/231/43 53

Email: L.Sutton@2003.ljmu.ac.uk