Zusammenfassung
Mit zunehmendem Alter werden im Rahmen der Polyneuropathie-Abklärung häufiger monoklonale Gammopathien als Ursache identifiziert. Während bei etwa einem Drittel dieser Patienten die Gammopathie entsprechend der hämatologischen Diagnostik auf ein multiples Myelom oder Lymphom, eine andere lymphoproliferative Erkrankung oder eine Amyloidose zurückzuführen ist, weisen die übrigen Patienten eine monoklonale Gammopathie unbestimmter Signifikanz (MGUS) auf. Wie in den hier vorgestellten Kasuistiken beispielhaft gezeigt, wird insbesondere bei Gammopathien vom IgG/IgA-Typ der elektrophysiologische Befund einer axonalen Schädigung mit wenig Beeinträchtigung dabei möglicherweise häufiger bei einer MGUS, ein primär demyelinisierender Verlauf mit rasch progredienter Symptomatik eher bei Myelomen beobachtet.
Abstract
With higher age, monoclonal gammopathies are more frequently diagnosed as the underlying cause of polyneuropathies. Whereas in approximately one-third of the patients, the gammopathy is related to multiple myeloma, lymphoma, other lymphoproliferative diseases, or amyloidosis, the remaining patients are diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). As underlined by the two reported cases, in IgG/IgA-type gammopathies electrophysiological findings of axonal lesions in mildly impaired patients are more likely to be found in patients with MGUS, while demyelinating polyneuropathies with more severe clinical impairment are more commonly seen in myeloma patients.
Schlüsselwörter
POEMS - Polyneuropathie - monoklonale Gammopathie - Differenzialdiagnose - Elektrophysiologie
Key words
POEMS - polyneuropathy - monoclonal gammopathy - differential diagnosis - electrophysiology
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Dr. Hans-Jürgen Gdynia
Neurologische Klinik der Universität Ulm
Oberer Eselsberg 45
89081 Ulm
eMail: hans-juergen.gdynia@uni-ulm.de