Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109149
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
The German Hep-Net Acute Hepatitis C Cohort: Impact of Viral and Host Factors on the Initial Presentation of Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Die Hep-Net-akute-Hepatitis-C-Kohorte: Bedeutung von viralen und Wirtsfaktoren für den klinischen Verlauf einer akuten Hepatitis-C-VirusinfektionPublication History
manuscript received: 28.10.2008
manuscript accepted: 16.12.2008
Publication Date:
16 June 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Der Einfluss von Viruslast, HCV-Genotyp, Alter, Geschlecht und Body-Mass-Index (BMI) auf den klinischen Verlauf einer akuten Hepatitis-C-Virusinfektion ist bis heute weitestgehend unbekannt. Wir untersuchten den Einfluss dieser Faktoren an einem Kollektiv von 259 Patienten mit akuter Hepatitis-C-Virusinfektion. Die Patienten wurden zwischen 1998 und 2008 in die Datenbank des Kompetenznetzes Hepatitis eingeschlossen. Bei 171 Patienten (66 %) wurde innerhalb von 4 Monaten nach der Diagnosestellung eine antivirale Therapie mit Interferon-alpha begonnen. Nach der Analyse der Daten zeigten sich folgende Ergebnisse: 1. der Infektionsweg war mit dem Alter assoziiert; Patienten mit i. v. Drogenkonsum waren signifikant jünger als Patienten ohne i. v. Drogenkonsum, während hingegen die Anzahl der Patienten, die im Rahmen medizinischer Engriffe infiziert wurden, mit zunehmendem Alter anstieg; 2. Patienten jünger als 30 Jahre waren häufiger mit dem HCV-Genotyp 3 infiziert (26 versus 8 % für Patienten älter als 50 Jahre; p = 0.03); 3. 51 % der Patienten hatten einen Ikterus zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung und 28 % hatten eine 30-fache Erhöhung der Transaminasen, jedoch zeigte keiner der Patienten Zeichen eines akuten Leberversagens; 4. der HCV-Genotyp war nicht assoziiert mit der Schwere der Erkrankung und auch ebenfalls nicht assoziiert mit der Länge des Zeitraums zwischen dem Infektionszeitpunkt und dem Beginn der Symptome; 5. eine niedrige Viruslast war assoziiert mit niedrigerer AST und einem verlängerten Zeitraum zwischen Infektionszeitpunkt und dem Einsetzten der Symptome; die Schwere der Erkrankung zeigte jedoch keine Korrelation mit dem Infektionsweg, dem Alter, dem Geschlecht und BMI. Insgesamt zeigte sich bei dem größten Teil der Patienten in unserer Kohorte ein relativ milder Verlauf der Erkrankung. Die Schwere der Erkrankung war nicht assoziiert mit dem HCV-Genotyp, der Viruslast, dem Alter, dem Geschlecht und dem BMI.
Abstract
Introduction: The impacts of viral load, genotype, age, sex and BMI on the clinical course of acute hepatitis C are poorly defined. Here we studied 259 patients with acute HCV infection recruited in the German Hep-Net data base between 1998 and 2008. Antiviral treatment with interferon alpha was initiated in 171 patients (66 %) within 4 months after the diagnosis of acute hepatitis C. Results: In this cohort (i) the mode of infection was associated with age as iv-drug users were significantly younger than non-iv-drug users while the proportion of patients who acquired HCV by medical procedures increased with age; (ii) patients younger than 30 years were more often infected with genotype 3 (26 % versus 8 % for patients older than 50 years; p = 0.03); (iii) 51 % of patients were icteric and 28 % presented with a 30-fold elevation of liver enzymes, however, no fulminant hepatic failure occurred; (iv) HCV genotype was not associated with disease severity and time to onset of symptoms; (v) low HCV viremia was associated with lower serum AST levels and a longer time from exposure to onset of symptoms; (vi) disease severity was independent from the mode of infection, age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: In this large cohort of patients admitted for antiviral therapy, acute hepatitis C took a rather mild course of disease in the majority of patients. Disease severity was not associated with HCV genotype, viral load, age, sex and BMI.
Schlüsselwörter
Virushepatitis - Leber - Hepatitis C
Key words
viral hepatitis - liver - hepatitis C
References
- 1
Alter M J.
Prevention of spread of hepatitis C.
Hepatology.
2002;
36
S93-S98
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Prati D.
Transmission of hepatitis C virus by blood transfusions and other medical procedures:
a global review.
J Hepatol.
2006;
45
607-616
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Marti Nez-Bauer E, Forns X, Armelles M. et al .
Hospital admission is a relevant source of hepatitis C virus acquisition in Spain.
J Hepatol.
2008;
48
20-27
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Santantonio T, Medda E, Ferrari C. et al .
Risk factors and outcome among a large patient cohort with community-acquired acute
hepatitis C in Italy.
Clin Infect Dis.
2006;
43
1154-1159
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Deterding K, Wiegand J, Gruner N. et al .
Medical procedures as a risk factor for HCV infection in developed countries: do we
neglect a significant problem in medical care?.
J Hepatol.
2008;
48
1019-1020
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Kubitschke A, Bader C, Tillmann H L. et al .
Injuries from needles contaminated with hepatitis C virus: how high is the risk of
seroconversion for medical personnel really?.
Internist.
2007;
48
1165-1172
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Santantonio T, Wiegand J, Tilman G J.
Acute hepatitis C: Current status and remaining challenges.
J Hepatol.
2008;
49
625-633
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Gerlach J T, Diepolder H M, Zachoval R. et al .
Acute hepatitis C: high rate of both spontaneous and treatment-induced viral clearance.
Gastroenterology.
2003;
125
80-88
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Corey K E, Ross A S, Wurcel A. et al .
Outcomes and treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in a United States population.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2006;
4
1278-1282
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Mosley J W, Operskalski E A, Tobler L H. et al .
Viral and host factors in early hepatitis C virus infection.
Hepatology.
2005;
42
86-92
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Cox A L, Netski D M, Mosbruger T. et al .
Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection.
Clin Infect Dis.
2005;
40
951-958
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Jauncey M, Micallef J M, Gilmour S. et al .
Clearance of hepatitis C virus after newly acquired infection in injection drug users.
J Infect Dis.
2004;
190
1270-1274
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Wang C C, Krantz E, Klarquist J. et al .
Acute hepatitis C in a contemporary US cohort: modes of acquisition and factors influencing
viral clearance.
J Infect Dis.
2007;
196
1474-1482
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Bakr I, Rekacewicz C, El Hosseiny M. et al .
Higher clearance of hepatitis C virus infection in females compared with males.
Gut.
2006;
55
1183-1187
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Mosley J W, Operskalski E A, Tobler L H. et al .
The course of hepatitis C viraemia in transfusion recipients prior to availability
of antiviral therapy.
J Viral Hepat.
2008;
15
120-128
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Wiegand J, Buggisch P, Boecher W. et al .
Early monotherapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2b for acute hepatitis C infection:
the HEP-NET acute-HCV-II study.
Hepatology.
2006;
43
250-256
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Wiese M, Grungreiff K, Guthoff W. et al .
Outcome in a hepatitis C (genotype 1b) single source outbreak in Germany – a 25-year
multicenter study.
J Hepatol.
2005;
43
590-598
MissingFormLabel
- 18
De Rosa F G, Bargiacchi O, Audagnotto S. et al .
Twelve-week treatment of acute hepatitis C virus with pegylated interferon-alpha-2b
in injection drug users.
Clin Infect Dis.
2007;
45
583-588
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Broers B, Helbling B, Francois A. et al .
Barriers to interferon-alpha therapy are higher in intravenous drug users than in
other patients with acute hepatitis C.
J Hepatol.
2005;
42
323-328
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Cox A L, Netski D M, Mosbruger T. et al .
Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection.
Clin Infect Dis.
2005;
40
951-958
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Seeff L B, Hollinger F B, Alter H J. et al .
Long-term mortality and morbidity of transfusion-associated non-A, non-B, and type
C hepatitis: A national heart, lung, and blood institute collaborative study.
Hepatology.
2001;
33
455-463
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Alter M J, Margolis H S, Krawczynski K. et al .
The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. The Sentinel
Counties Chronic non-A, non-B Hepatitis Study Team.
N Engl J Med.
1992;
327
1899-1905
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Ostapowicz G, Fontana R J, Schiodt F V. et al .
Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers
in the United States.
Ann Intern Med.
2002;
137
947-954
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Farci P, Alter H J, Shimoda A. et al .
Hepatitis C virus-associated fulminant hepatic failure.
N Engl J Med.
1996;
335
631-634
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Jaeckel E, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H. et al .
Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b.
N Engl J Med.
2001;
345
1452-1457
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Manns M P, Meyer S, Wedemeyer H.
The German network of excellence for viral hepatitis (Hep-Net).
Hepatology.
2003;
38
543-544
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Wedemeyer H, Pethig K, Wagner D. et al .
Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in heart transplant recipients.
Transplantation.
1998;
66
1347-1353
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Farci P, Alter H J, Shimoda A. et al .
Hepatitis C virus-associated fulminant hepatic failure.
N Engl J Med.
1996;
335
631-634
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Wedemeyer H, Jackel E, Wiegand J. et al .
Whom? When? How? Another piece of evidence for early treatment of acute hepatitis
C.
Hepatology.
2004;
39
1201-1203
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Jauncey M, Micallef J M, Gilmour S. et al .
Clearance of hepatitis C virus after newly acquired infection in injection drug users.
J Infect Dis.
2004;
190
1270-1274
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Cox A L, Netski D M, Mosbruger T. et al .
Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection.
Clin Infect Dis.
2005;
40
951-958
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Bakr I, Rekacewicz C, El Hosseiny M. et al .
Higher clearance of hepatitis C virus infection in females compared with males.
Gut.
2006;
55
1183-1187
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Wang C C, Krantz E, Klarquist J. et al .
Acute hepatitis C in a contemporary US cohort: modes of acquisition and factors influencing
viral clearance.
J Infect Dis.
2007;
196
1474-1482
MissingFormLabel
- 34
Mosley J W, Operskalski E A, Tobler L H. et al .
The course of hepatitis C viraemia in transfusion recipients prior to availability
of antiviral therapy.
J Viral Hepat.
2008;
15
120-128
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Diehl A M.
Hepatic complications of obesity.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am.
2005;
34
45-61
MissingFormLabel
- 36
Lehmann M, Meyer M F, Monazahian M. et al .
High rate of spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection.
J Med Virol.
2004;
73
387-391
MissingFormLabel
- 37
Hofer H, Watkins-Riedel T, Janata O. et al .
Spontaneous viral clearance in patients with acute hepatitis C can be predicted by
repeated measurements of serum viral load.
Hepatology.
2003;
37
60-64
MissingFormLabel
- 38
Brouard C, Pradat P, Delarocque-Astagneau E. et al .
Epidemiological characteristics and medical follow-up of 61 patients with acute hepatitis
C identified through the hepatitis C surveillance system in France.
Epidemiol Infect.
2008;
136
988-996
MissingFormLabel
- 39
Esteban J I, Sauleda S, Quer J.
The changing epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Europe.
J Hepatol.
2008;
48
148-162
MissingFormLabel
- 40
Heller T, Rehermann B.
Acute hepatitis C: a multifaceted disease.
Semin Liver Dis.
2005;
25
7-17
MissingFormLabel
- 41
Mondelli M U, Cerino A, Cividini A.
Acute hepatitis C: diagnosis and management.
J Hepatol.
2005;
42 (Suppl)
S108-S114
MissingFormLabel
- 42
Wang C C, Krantz E, Klarquist J. et al .
Acute hepatitis C in a contemporary US cohort: modes of acquisition and factors influencing
viral clearance.
J Infect Dis.
2007;
196
1474-1482
MissingFormLabel
- 43
Roy K, Hay G, Andragetti R. et al .
Monitoring hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in the European
Union: a review of the literature.
Epidemiol Infect.
2002;
129
577-585
MissingFormLabel
- 44
Aceijas C, Rhodes T.
Global estimates of prevalence of HCV infection among injecting drug users.
Int J Drug Policy.
2007;
18
352-358
MissingFormLabel
- 45
Mihm S, Fayyazi A, Hartmann H. et al .
Analysis of histopathological manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection
with respect to virus genotype.
Hepatology.
1997;
25
735-739
MissingFormLabel
- 46
Ross R S, Viazov S, Renzing-Kohler K. et al .
Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis C infection in Germany: shift in the predominance
of hepatitis C subtypes.
J Med Virol.
2000;
60
122-125
MissingFormLabel
- 47
Meyer M F, Lehmann M, Cornberg M. et al .
Clearance of low levels of HCV viremia in the absence of a strong adaptive immune
response.
Virol J.
2007;
4
58
MissingFormLabel
- 48
Mizukoshi E, Eisenbach C, Edlin B R. et al .
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific immune responses of long-term injection drug users
frequently exposed to HCV.
J Infect Dis.
2008;
198
203-312
MissingFormLabel
- 49
Ruys T A, Nanlohy N M, Berg C H. et al .
HCV-specific T-cell responses in injecting drug users: evidence for previous exposure
to HCV and a role for CD 4 + T cells focussing on nonstructural proteins in viral
clearance.
J Viral Hepat.
2008;
15
409-420
MissingFormLabel
- 50
Tillmann H L, Hadem van den J, Leifeld L. et al .
Safety and efficacy of lamivudine in patients with severe acute or fulminant hepatitis
B, a multicenter experience.
J Viral Hepat.
2006;
13
256-263
MissingFormLabel
PD Dr. Heiner Wedemeyer
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School
Carl-Neuberg-Str.1
30625 Hannover
Email: Wedemeyer.Heiner@mh-hannover.de