Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Wir untersuchten die klinische Bedeutung der kontrastverstärkten Sonografie mit SonoVue® in Kombination mit der Quantifizierung der Kontrastmitteldynamik zur Detektion maligner Lebertumoren. Material und Methoden: In die Studie wurden 100 Patienten mit histologisch gesicherten, malignen oder benignen Lebertumoren (maximale Größe bis 5 cm) eingeschlossen. Wir verwendeten hierfür ein High-End-Ultraschallgerät (Logic 9, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) mit einem Multihertz-Konvexschallkopf (2,5 – 4 MHz). Die kontrastverstärkte Sonografie (Bolusinjektion von 2,4 mL SonoVue®) wurde in der Technik des intermittierenden Atemanhaltens durchgeführt. Die Vaskularisation der Tumoren wurde zunächst mittels Power-Doppler beurteilt. Im Anschluss daran erfolgte dann die Kontrastmitteluntersuchung im „True Detection Mode”, dem integrierten Kontrastmittelprogramm des High-End-Ultraschallgeräts. Die dynamische Kontrastmitteluntersuchung des Patienten wurde dabei in der arteriellen Phase, der portalen Phase und der Spätphase durchgeführt. Der mechanische Index lag dabei bei 0,15. Die Analyse der Lebertumorperfusion erfolgte durch Nachverarbeitung der Rohdaten (time intensity curve [TIC] analysis). Als Referenzmethode diente eine biphasische 16- oder 64-Zeilen-CT-Untersuchung. Ergebnisse: 100 Patienten mit 59 malignen (43 Kolonkarzinom-Metastasen, 5 Mammakarzinom-Metastasen, 2 Metastasen von endokrinen Tumoren, 7 hepatozelluläre Karzinome und 2 Metastasen von Nierentumoren) und 41 benignen Lebertumoren (12 umschriebene Fettververteilungsstörungen, 2 Abszesse, 7 fokal noduläre Hyperplasien, 5 „komplizierte Zysten” und 15 Hämangiome) wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die CT-Artdiagnose „benigne – maligne” war richtig positiv bei 71 von 92 Patienten, falsch negativ bei 8 Patienten und in 13 Fällen war es nicht möglich, eine endgültige Diagnose zu stellen. Die Sensitivität der Computertomografie lag bei 96,7 %, die Spezifität betrug 71,4 %. Quantitativer, kontrastverstärkter Ultraschall lag mit seiner Klassifikation der Leberherde in benigne und maligne Läsionen bei 98 von 100 Patienten richtig, 2 Patienten wurden falsch negativ klassifiziert. Die Sensitivität der Methode lag damit bei 98,6 % die Spezifizität bei 96,6 %. Im Fischer-Test ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden diagnostischen Modalitäten bei p < 0,05. Es wurde keine Untersucherabhängigkeit festgestellt. Schlussfolgerung: In unserer Studie war der kontrastverstärkte Ultraschall zur Vorhersage von Benignität oder Malignität bei Leberherden genauer als die Multislice-Computertomografie.
Abstract
Purpose: It was the aim of our study to establish the extent to which contrast enhancement with SonoVue® in combination with quantitative evaluation of contrast-medium dynamics facilitates the detection of malignant hepatic tumors. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with histologically confirmed malignant or benign hepatic tumors (maximum size 5 cm) were analyzed. We used a high-end ultrasound machine (Logic 9, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA), with a multifrequency curved array transducer (2.5 – 4 MHz), Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (bolus injection 2.4 mL SonoVue®) was carried out with the intermittent breath-holding technique. Native vascularization was analyzed with power Doppler sonography. The contrast-enhanced dynamic ultrasound investigation was carried out with contrast harmonic imaging in the true detection mode during the arterial, portal venous and late phases. The mechanical index was set at 0.15. Perfusion analysis was performed by post-processing of the raw data (time intensity curve [TIC] analysis). Biphasic 16- or 64-slice multislice computed tomography served as reference method in nearly all cases. Results: One hundred patients with 59 malignant (43 colon, 5 breast, 2 endocrine metastases, 7 hepatocellular carcinomas and 2 kidney cancers) and 41 benign (12 circumscribed fatty changes, 2 abscesses, 7 focal nodular hyperplasias, 5 complicated cysts and 15 hemangiomas) tumors were included. The CT classification was true positive in 71 of 92 patients, false negative in 8 cases, and in 13 cases no final diagnosis was possible; sensitivity was 96.7 % and specificity was 71.4 % for CT. The quantitative contrast harmonic imaging ultrasound classification was true positive in 98 of 100 patients and false negative in 2 cases; the sensitivity was 98.6 % and the specificity was 96.6 %. The Fisher test showed a significant difference at p < 0.05. No investigator-dependency was noted. Conclusion: In our study contrast-enhanced ultrasound was more accurate than multislice computed tomography in the prediction of malignancy and benignity of liver tumors.
Schlüsselwörter
Leber - kolorektales Karzinom - Rektumkarzinom
Key words
liver - colorectal cancer - rectal cancer
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PD Dr. Dirk-André Clevert
University of Munich-Grosshadern Campus, Department of Clinical Radiology
Marchioninistr. 15
81377 München
Germany
Email: Dirk.Clevert@med.uni-muenchen.de