Zusammenfassung
Zur Prüfung der Funktion der Atmung und des Kreislaufes werden in einem Untersuchungsgang die Sauerstoffaufnahme! die Kohlensäureabgabe, das Atemminutenvolumen, der respiratorische Quotient, das Atemaequivalent, die Pulsfrequenz und der Blutdruck fortlaufend, in Ruhe bis zur schwersten körperlichen Arbeit, registriert. Während Sauerstoffaufnahme und Atemminutenvolumen mit den im Schrifttum veröffentlichten Angaben weitgehend übereinstimmen, wird erstmals über das Verhalten der CO2 Abgabe und des respiratorischen Quotienten bei verschiedener Wattleistung an einem größeren Untersuchungsgut berichtet. Auch für die Pulsfrequenz und den Blutdruck werden an verschiedenen Belastungsstufen Normwerte mitgeteilt. Bei Hochleistungssportlern lassen sich unter der gleichen Belastung im Vergleich mit Personen durchschnittlicher Leistungsbreite charakteristische Abweichungen der einzelnen Ventilations- und Kreislaufgrößen aufzeigen.
Summary
In a single examination oxygen consumption, amount of carbon dioxide given off, ventilatory equivalent, heart rate and blood pressure were registered continuously from rest to very severe exercise. Comparison was made between normal subjects, outstanding athletes and patients with circulatory and respiratory disease. For each stage of rest or exercise a steady state was reached before measurements were made. — Oxygen consumption and respiratory minute volume coincided with data previously reported by others. Values for carbon dioxide and the respiratory quotient at different watt levels of activity are given for the first time. — Comparing results of normal subjects and athletes, it was found that the latter have an especially economic regulation of circulation and respiration. Athletes broad range of performance is best demonstrated by the oxygen equivalent. — One group of hypertensive patients was characterized by a marked rise in blood pressure, while the transport function of the circulation, as measured by the oxygen equivalent, was still unimpaired. — In another groups of patients with decreased performance, this was caused mainly by changes in respiration, while circulatory functions were undisturbed, as shown by the respiratory equivalent. — A low oxygen equivalent with a high respiratory equivalent was found in patients with diseases of both systems. — Correlating oxygen consumption and heart rate at low levels of exercise will give an oxygen equivalent indicative of decreased circulatory preformance, which is caused by an insufficient increase in stroke volume and of peripheral utilization. On the other hand, an increased oxygen equivalent at middle or high levels of exercise point to a still adequate circulatory response. — Average values are given for heart rate and blood pressure changes with different levels of exercise (measured in watts). First-class athletes show characteristic deviations from normal in their circulatory and respiratory responses at high levels of exercise.
Resumen
Sobre las pruebas funcionales combinadas de la circulación y respiración
Para la exploración funcional de la respiración y circulación son registrados continuamente, en una marcha investigadora, la toma de oxígeno, la expulsión de anhídrido carbónico, el volumen minuto respiratorio, el cociente respiratorio, el equivalente respiratorio, la frecuencia del pulso y la presión sanguínea, tanto en el descanso como en el trabajo corporal más duro. Mientras que la toma de oxígeno y el volumen minuto respiratorio coinciden con los datos publicados en la literatura, se informa por primera vez sobre el comportamiento de la emisión de CO2 y del cociente respiratorio con diferente frecuencia de vatios, en un mayor campo de investigación. También se comunican valores normales para la frecuencia del pulso y presión sanguínea tomados en diferentes escalas de sobrecarga. En los deportistas de máximos rendimientos se pueden mostrar desviaciones características en la cantidad de ventilación y circulación bajo la misma carga y en comparación con personas normales.
