Zusammenfassung
Die sonografische Beurteilung von pathologischen Veränderungen an peripheren Nerven
erweist sich seit wenigen Jahren aufgrund der verbesserten Auflösung als zunehmend
valide diagnostische Methode. Die hochauflösende Ultrasonografie (HAUS) wird damit
auch immer mehr zur Erfassung des Kubitaltunnelsyndroms (KuTS) eingesetzt. Neben technisch
notwendigen Voraussetzungen wird auf die anatomisch-topografischen Besonderheiten
im Verlauf des Nervus ulnaris in seinem kubitalen Abschnitt, seine morphologischen
Eigenheiten und insbesondere auf Veränderungen im Rahmen häufiger Krankheitsbilder
eingegangen: So werden die typischen sonografischen Zeichen des eigentlichen primären
Kompressionssyndroms, traumatischer Beeinträchtigungen, aber auch Entzündungen und
Neoplasien dargestellt. Besonders in Kombination mit elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungsverfahren
ist die HAUS eine einfache, strahlenfreie, wenig zeitaufwendige Methode und deshalb
ein vorteilhaftes bildgebendes Verfahren für die Diagnostik des primären als auch
sekundären Kubitaltunnelsyndroms. Die mit der HAUS zu erhaltenden Informationen sind
nicht nur für den behandelnden Kliniker von Interesse, sondern ersparen dem Patienten
auch unnötige Verlaufskontrollen, was eine optimale Therapie und Prognose gewährleistet.
Allerdings ist sie untersucherabhängig und setzt eine besondere Expertise voraus.
Abstract
During the last years sonographic assessment of pathologies of the peripheral nerves
has not only become increasingly popular but has also proved to be a valid procedure.
High-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) is nowadays also performed with regard to the
assessment of cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS). Therefore, we now demonstrate special
sonographic features of a rather frequent pathology of the peripheral nervous system
that is often difficult to diagnose and treat – the primary and secondary forms of
the cubital tunnel syndrome. Besides the mandatory technical requisites, a special
focus is placed on anatomic-topographic peculiarities in the cubital segment of the
ulnar nerve, its morphological characteristics and, especially, on changes in relation
to other frequent pathologies: thus the typical sonographic findings of a proper primary
compression syndrome, of traumatic impairment, and also those of inflammatory and
neoplastic conditions are demonstrated. Especially in combination with electrophysiological
tests, HRUS is a simple, radiation-free and hardly time-consuming method and a recommendable
imaging procedure above all for the differentiation of the proper primary form from
other forms of cubital tunnel syndrome. The results of HRUS examinations are not only
of interest to clinical specialists but also save the patient from unnecessary follow-ups
and ensure optimal prognosis and therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Kubitaltunnelsyndrom - Sonografie - Nervenkompressionssyndrom - Nerventrauma - Nerventumor
Key words
cubital tunnel syndrome - sonography - compression neuropathy - nerve trauma - nerve
tumour
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. univ. Hannes Gruber
Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (MUI) Universitätsklinik für Radiodiagnostik Innsbruck
Anichstraße 35
6020 Innsbruck
Österreich
Email: hannes.gruber@i-med.ac.at