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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185879
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Uterine Junctional Zone and Endometrial Cancer
Endometriumkarzinome in der JunktionalzonePublication History
received 30.1.2009
revised 15.4.2009
accepted 30.5.2009
Publication Date:
27 July 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Der menschliche Uterus setzt sich aus dem phylo- und ontogenetisch älteren Endometrium mit der anschließenden Junktionalzone des Myometriums und dem rezenten äußeren Myometrium zusammen. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll diese Studie die Frage beantworten, warum das Risiko einer lymphogenen Aussaat beim endometrialen Adenokarzinom abrupt und nicht kontinuierlich ansteigt, wenn mehr als die Hälfte des Myometriums durch die Tumorzellen infiltriert werden. Material und Methodik: Mithilfe einer hochauflösenden vaginalen Ultraschallsonde wurde die zonale Anatomie des Uterus von 100 gesunden postmenopausalen Frauen untersucht und dokumentiert. Zudem wurde durch eine Metaanalyse der Zusammenhang zwischen einer myometrialen Infiltration durch das Adenokarzinom und dem Risiko einer pelvinen und paraaortalen Lymphknotenmetastasierung analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Junktionalzone des Myometriums repräsentiert die Schicht des Uterus, die weitgehend exakt die innere Hälfte des Myometriums umfasst. Die Metaanalyse wiederum untermauerte die These, dass am Übergang von der inneren zur äußeren Hälfte des Myometriums eine Schwelle existiert, jenseits derer das Risiko der lymphogenen Metastasierung abrupt ansteigt. Schlussfolgerung: Solange sich das endometriale Adenokarzinom nicht über die Junktionalzone des Uterus ausgebreitet hat, ist eine lymphogene Metastasierung selten. Die Sicht des humanen Uterus als ein Organ, dass sich aus 2 onto- und phylogenetisch unterschiedlichen Einzelorganen aufbaut, bietet eine Erklärung für das Metastasierungsverhalten des Adenokarzinoms in Abhängigkeit von der myometrialen Eindringtiefe und könnte für weitere Forschungen von Interesse sein.
Abstract
Purpose: The human uterus consists of the ontogenetically and phylogenetically older endometrium, the adjacent junctional zone and the more recent outer myometrium. This understanding of uterine zonal anatomy could provide an answer to the question why the risk of lymph node metastasis increases abruptly when an endometrial adenocarcinoma invades more than 50 % of the myometrial wall. Material and Methods: High resolution vaginal ultrasound was performed in 100 healthy postmenopausal women and their zonal anatomy was documented. In a meta-analysis the relationship between the depth of myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer and the rate of regional lymph node metastases was analyzed. Results: In postmenopausal women the mean diameter of the junctional zone of the myometrium was found to be almost exactly half the inner diameter of the myometrium. Our meta-analysis confirmed the existence of a threshold whereby, if an endometrial adenocarcinoma invaded more than 50 % of the myometrial wall, this resulted in a more than 5-fold higher prevalence of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Endometrial cancer rarely results in lymph node metastasis as long as the disease is confined to the junctional zone of the myometrium. The dissimilarity between the inner and outer myometrial layers, based on their very different phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins, might be of interest for further research.
Schlüsselwörter
Endometriumkarzinom - Junktionalzone des Myometriums - Lymphknotenmetastasen
Key words
endometrial cancer - junctional zone of the myometrium - lymph node metastasis
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Privatdozent Dr. med. Georg Kunz
St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund
Johannesstraße 9–17
44137 Dortmund
Email: georg.kunz@joho-dortmund.de