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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185934
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Kongressbericht der 45. Jahrestagung der American Society of Clinical Oncology, Orlando 29.5.–2.6.2009
Gibt es neue Standards? Ein weiterer Schritt zur individualisierten TherapieConference Report of the 45th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Orlando, May 29–June 2, 2009 Are there new standards? Another step towards individualized therapiesPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht 10.6.2009
akzeptiert 29.6.2009
Publikationsdatum:
27. Juli 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Auf dem diesjährigen ASCO wurde versucht, eine Verbesserung der individualisierten Therapie zu erreichen. Im Bereich der adjuvanten Therapie des Mammakarzinoms wurden vor allem spezielle Fragestellungen und Subgruppenanalysen präsentiert. So z. B. zum Einfluss von CYP2D6-Inhibitoren auf die Wirksamkeit von Tamoxifen. Aufgrund diskrepanter Ergebnisse scheint die Bedeutung jedoch noch unklar. In der palliativen Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms konnte die Ribbon-1-Studie belegen, dass die Kombination von Bevacizumab neben dem Taxan auch mit einem Anthrazyklin oder Capecitabin das progressionsfreie Überleben in der First-Line-Behandlung verlängert. PARP-Inhibitoren scheinen v. a. in der Therapie des triple-negativen Mammakarzinoms einen Vorteil im Vergleich zu reinen Zytostatikatherapien zu erzielen – dies konnten erste Phase-II-Studien unter Beweis stellen. In der Primärtherapie des Ovarialkarzinoms bleibt die Kombination aus Carboplatin und Paclitaxel Standard. Eine Verbesserung durch die Addition einer 3. Substanz konnte auch in der OVAR-9-Studie nicht erreicht werden. Erstmals konnte mit der Studie MRC OV05/EORTC 55955 der Effekt der CA-125-Bestimmung in der Nachsorge auf das Gesamtüberleben dargestellt werden. Hierbei zeigte sich keine Überlebensverlängerung. In der Rezidivtherapie wurde mit der „TOWER“- und der „CALYPSO“-Studie versucht, wirksame neue Chemotherapien mit günstigeren Nebenwirkungsprofilen zu etablieren. Die „CALYPSO“-Studie konnte so mit der Kombination aus PLD und Carboplatin eine neue Alternative in der Behandlung des platinsensiblen Ovarialkarzinomrezidivs aufzeigen. In der Behandlung des Zervixkarzinoms konnte durch die zusätzliche Gabe von Gemcitabin sequenziell und simultan zum Standard eine Verlängerung des Gesamtüberlebens und des progressionsfreien Überlebens erreicht werden, jedoch um den Preis einer deutlich gesteigerten Toxizität. Eine Entwicklung in der Therapie des Endometriumkarzinoms war der zielgerichtete Einsatz von Fulvestrant in einer Phase-II-Studie. Es zeigte sich eine gute Wirksamkeit und ein akzeptables Nebenwirkungsprofil für die Monotherapie bei Patientinnen mit positivem Rezeptorstatus. Schließlich konnte mit der GOG 179 das individualisierte Konzept des Sentinel-Lymphknotens beim Vulvakarzinom weiter unterstützt werden.
Abstract
At the recent ASCO there was a trend towards more individualized cancer therapies. Various presentations and subgroup analyses of larger trials focused on specific questions of adjuvant therapies, such as the influence of the CYP2D6 inhibitor on tamoxifen treatment, which could not be clarified because of 2 discrepant study results. In the palliative treatment of breast cancer, the Ribbon-1 trial demonstrated an improvement of PFS when bevacizumab was added to an anthracycline or capecitabine in first-line treatment. PARP inhibitors were among the most interesting and novel targeted therapies and have shown very promising response rates in the treatment of triple negative or BRCA-associated breast cancer in the metastatic setting. The standard of care for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer is a combination of paclitaxel and carboplatine. An increase in efficacy by adding a third non-cross resistant drug could not be shown in the trial OVAR-9. The MRC OV05/EORTC 55955 trial showed that there is no survival benefit from routine CA125 measurements during the follow-up of patients after primary therapy. In the setting of recurrent ovarian cancer the “TOWER” and “CALYPSO” trials tried to find more effective chemotherapies with fewer side effects. The “CALYPSO” trial found a new combination of PLD and carboplatin to be safe and effective in the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrence. For cervical cancer, a phase III trial showed an improvement through the concurrent and adjuvant administration of gemcitabine in addition to current standard therapy. There was a longer survival period but also a much higher toxicity. A more personalized cancer therapy approach could be shown in the setting of endometrial cancer. A phase II trial showed a good efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant in receptor positive patients. The GOG 179 study dealing with vulvar cancer confirmed that the sentinel lymph node procedure is feasible and safe in well selected patients.
Schlüsselwörter
ASCO - Mammakarzinom - Ovarialkarzinom - Zervixkarzinom - Endometriumkarzinom
Key words
ASCO - breast cancer - ovarian cancer - cervical cancer - endometrial cancer
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Dr. OÄ K. Schwedler
Universitäts-Frauenklinik
Theodor-Stern-Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt
eMail: schwedler@med.uni-frankfurt.de