Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund des erhöhten Tuberkulose-(TB)-risikos beim Einsatz von TNF-α-Inhibitoren bei der Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis und anderer Autoimmunkrankheiten sollte bei allen Patienten vor anti-TNF-α-Therapie eine aktive TB ausgeschlossen werden und ein Screening auf das Vorliegen einer latenten tuberkulösen Infektion (LTBI) erfolgen. Das Screening sollte eine Röntgen-Thorax-Aufnahme, eine sorgfältige Anamnese und die Durchführung eines hoch-spezifischen Interferon-Gamma-Tests (IGRA) umfassen.[1 ] Da sowohl falsch-positive als auch falsch-negative Tuberkulin-Hauttest-(THT)-Ergebnisse in diesen Patientengruppen erwartet werden können, wird der früher durchgeführte THT nur noch in Ausnahmefällen empfohlen. Die Behandlung der LTBI umfasst in aller Regel eine Chemoprävention mit Isoniazid (INH) über 9 Monate.
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1 In Zukunft soll die bisherige Abrechenbarkeit der IGRA-Tests über Analogziffern durch eigene EBM-Ziffern abgelöst werden. In the future, the reimbursement of IGRA tests under an analogue procedure code is expected to be formalized by the application of a code specific to the TB-IGRA procedure.
2 Ob und inwieweit sich die Rate nicht interpretierbarer Testergebnisse zwischen den beiden IGRA-Verfahren signifikant unterscheidet, wird in weiteren Vergleichsstudien zu klären sein.
Prof. Dr. Robert Loddenkemper
Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose Lungenklinik Heckeshorn HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring
Walterhöferstr. 11 14165 Berlin
Email: rloddenkemper@dzk-tuberkulose.de