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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1217127
p-Quinols and p-Quinol Ethers from 2,4,6-Trialkylphenols
Publication History
Publication Date:
20 November 2009 (online)
Abstract
The oxidation of 2,4,6-trialkylphenols with lead(IV) oxide and 70% perchloric acid in water-acetone or in alcohols gives p-quinols or p-quinol ethers, respectively. Some nonmetallic oxidants serve the same purpose.
Key words
oxidations - 2,4,6-trialkylphenols - p-quinols - p-quinol ethers - lead(IV) oxide - perchloric acid - nonmetallic oxidants
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2a
Yamamura S. In The Chemistry of Phenols Part 1:Rappoport Z. Wiley; Chichester: 2003. p.1153 -
2b
Stavber S.Jereb M.Zupan M. ARKIVOC 2001, (v): 98 -
2c
Stavber S.Zupan M. Acta Chim. Slov. 2005, 52: 13 -
2d
Sels BF.De Vos DE.Jacobs PA. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 310 -
2e
Quideau S.Pouységu L.Deffieux D. Synlett 2008, 467 - 3 Oxidation of phenols to p-benzoquinones with PbO2/70% HClO4 has
been reported. See:
Omura K. Synthesis 1998, 1145 - 4 Oxidation of 1a with
PbO2/70% HClO4 in MeOH under conditions
different from those employed in this study has recently been reported.
The mechanism of the formation of 2al was
shown. Thus, the phenoxyl radical as a poor base, generated by dehydrogenation
of 1a with PbO2, is protonated
by the strong acid giving the phenol cation radical, which can efficiently
abstract an electron from more of the phenoxyl radical, thus yielding
the phenoxyl cation that adds MeOH. See:
Omura K. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73: 858 - 5
Becker H.-D.Gustafsson K. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44: 428 - 6
Pelter A.Elgendy SMA. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1891 - 7
McKillop A.Perry DH.Edwards M. J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41: 282 - 9
Rieker A.Drehher E.-L.Geisel H.Khalifa MH. Synthesis 1978, 851 - Oxidation of phenols with I2 and aq H2O2 in hydroxylic solvents giving products including p-benzoquinones has been studied. See:
-
12a
Cressman HWJ.Thirtle JR. J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31: 1279 -
12b
Minisci F.Citterio A.Vismara E.Fontana F.De Bernardinis S. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54: 728 -
12c
Omura K. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 2006 - 14
Ronlán A.Parker VD. J. Chem. Soc. C 1971, 3214 - 15
Coppinger GM.Campbell TW. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75: 734
References
Current address: 4-5-2, Matsuodai, Inagawa, Hyogo 666-0261, Japan.
8More recently, an N-F reagent has been shown to slowly oxidize 1 (except 1b) in MeCN-protic solvent (H2O, MeOH, and primary alcohols) mixtures affording the p-quinols and p-quinol ethers. An attempt to prepare 2an, 2ao, or 2cn by the use of the reagent was not made in this laboratory. See ref. 2b.
10The mechanism of the NaIO3/70% HClO4 oxidation awaits further investigation.
11The reaction involves a bromination-debromination mechanism. Details will be discussed in a subsequent paper.
13The reaction would involve an iodination-deiodination mechanism. See ref. 12c.
16¹H NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.92 (s, 9 H), 1.09 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6 H), 1.24 (s, 18 H), 3.40 (sept, J = 6.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.59 (s, 2 H). The ¹H NMR spectrum of 2cn in CCl4 has been reported. See ref. 9.
17For purification and identification of the product, see ref. 4.