Synthesis 2010(4): 543-566  
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1218649
REVIEW
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York

Synthesis of Halogenated Carboxylic Acids and Amino Acids

Constantin Czekelius*, Carl Christoph Tzschucke*
Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Fax: +49(30)83853625; e-Mail: cczekeli@chemie.fu-berlin.de; e-Mail: tzschucke@chemie.fu-berlin.de;
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Publikationsverlauf

Received 16 September 2009
Publikationsdatum:
25. Januar 2010 (online)

Abstract

This review summarizes and focuses on stereoselective methods for the preparation of halogenated carboxylic acids and amino acids. Diastereoselective and enantioselective halogen atom transfer processes as well as methods for the synthesis of fluoroalkyl-substituted compounds are discussed in detail.

1 Introduction

2 Stereoselective Halogenation Reactions

2.1 Diastereoselective Transformations

2.2 Processes Employing Chiral Auxiliaries

2.3 Organocatalytic Methods

2.4 Chiral Halogenating Reagents

2.5 Halogenations with Chiral Lewis Acids

3 Stereoselective Fluoroalkylation

3.1 Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylations

3.1.1 Trifluoromethylations

3.1.2 Monofluoromethylations and Difluoromethylations

3.1.3 α-Fluoro-β-keto Esters as Nucleophiles

3.1.4 Difluoroacetate-Derived Nucleophiles

3.2 Radical Fluoroalkylations

3.3 Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation

3.4 Reactions of α-Trifluoromethyl-Substitituted Enolates

3.5 Nucleophilic Additions to Trifluoropyruvate

4 Concluding Remarks

95

Ma, J.-A.; Petrik, V.; Cahard, D. Towards Enantioselective Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation of β-Keto Esters. Presented at the 10th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry (ECSOC-10) [Online], November 1-30, 2006; Paper a034 (accessed December 2009).