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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220725
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Präoperatives, sensomotorisches Training bei Implantation einer Hüft-Totalprothese: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Pre-Operative, Sensory-Motor Training for Patients undergoing Total Hip Replacement: A Randomised Controlled TrialPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 23.7.2008
angenommen: 18.3.2009
Publikationsdatum:
17. August 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie soll aufzeigen, ob präoperative sensomotorische Bewegungsschulung als Standardprogramm Vorteile nach Hüft-Totalprotheseneinsatz bei körperlichen Aktivitäten, körperlicher Behinderung, Lebensqualität und Sensomotorik bringt.
Methode: An dieser randomisierten kontrollierten Studie nehmen konsekutiv 80 Hüftprothesenanwärter (Durchschnittsalter: 66,8±10,3; 31 Frauen) eines Schweizer Kantonsspitals teil, von denen 62 die Einjahreskontrolle abschließen. Die Trainingsgruppe führt präoperativ ein sensomotorisches Heimprogramm von 2–6 Wochen durch, die Kontrollgruppe erhält keine Therapie. Nach der Operation wird beiden Gruppen die standardisierte Physiotherapie angeboten. Primär wird die Körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit, sekundär werden Lebensqualität, Behinderung und Sensomotorik ermittelt. Evaluiert wird mittels patientenadministrierten generischen (SF-36) und krankheitsspezifischen (WOMAC) Gesundheitsfragebogens sowie objektiv gemessener Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit (Biodex-Balance-System). Die Messungen finden 1 Tag vor sowie 10 Tage, 4 und 12 Monate nach der Hüft-Totalprothesenimplantation statt. Die Behandlungseffekte werden präoperativ mit t-Test, postoperativ mit Varianzanalyse und der Effektgrösse bestimmt.
Ergebnisse: Präoperativ verbessert das Training die Lebensqualität (Dimension Schmerzen; p<0,05) und Sensomotorik (Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit; p<0,05) gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe. Diese Vorteile gehen mit dem Eingriff verloren. Die Trainingsgruppe schätzt ihre Behinderung (p=0,055) bis 4 Monate postoperativ negativer ein als die Kontrollgruppe. Bei der Einjahreskontrolle zeigt die Gruppenzugehörigkeit abhängig vom Messzeitpunkt einen unterschiedlichen Effekt auf die Lebensqualität (Dimensionen Vitalität und Psychisches Wohlbefinden; p<0,05).
Schlussfolgerung: Ein breites Kollektiv kann aus einem kurzen sensomotorischen Trainingsprogramm kaum Nutzen ziehen. Es scheint eine Sensibilisierung mit psychosomatischem Prozess geweckt worden zu sein. Weitere Studien müssten klären, ob ein leistungsadaptiertes Heimprogramm Vorteile bereiten könnte. Dabei sollten auch die psychologischen Aspekte einer Hüftprothesenoperation Beachtung finden, um realistische Erwartungen und Coping-Strategien zu fördern und die Zufriedenheit zu erhöhen.
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-operative, sensory-motor movement-training as a standard treatment-programme results in improved Physical Function, Quality-of-Life and Sensory-Motor-Function and reduced Disability in patients undergoing Total-Hip-Replacement.
Methods: 80 subjects awaiting Total-Hip-Replacement (mean-age 66.8±10.3; 31 women) at a Swiss regional hospital were consecutively recruited to this Randomised Controlled Trial. The intervention-group undertook a pre-operative 2–6 week home-exercise sensory-motor training-programme, the control-group received no therapy. Following surgery both groups underwent a standard physiotherapy-programme. The Primary Outcome-Measure was Physical Function, secondary Outcome-Measures were Quality-of-Life, Disability and Sensory-Motor-Function. Outcomes were measured using patient-administered generic (SF-36) and disease-specific (WOMAC) questionnaires as well as objectively assessed balance-ability (Biodex-Balance-System). Measurements were taken one day before the Total-Hip-Replacement and 10 days, 4 and 12 months following. Treatment-effect was determined pre-operatively with t-test and post-operatively with analysis-of-variance as well as effect-size.
Results: The intervention improved Quality-of-Life (subscale pain; p<0.05) and Sensory-Motor-Function (balance-ability; p<0.05) compared to no intervention before operation. These effects were lost following surgery. The intervention-group estimated Disability (p=0.055) at 4 months more negatively than the control-group. At one-year-follow-up group-membership influenced Quality-of-Life-score (subscales vitality and mental-health; p<0.05) different depending on the measurement-time-point.
Conclusions: No useful effect was identified for a pre-operative sensory-motor training-programme. The intervention appears to have initiated a psychosomatic process. Further studies are needed to assess whether a personalized, ability-specific home-programme would be more effective. The psychological aspects following Total-Hip-Replacement need to be considered in such a training-programme in order to facilitate coping-strategies, reduce unrealistic expectations and increase satisfaction.
Schlüsselwörter
Hüft-TEP - Körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit - gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität - präoperatives Training
Key words
total hip replacement - functional ability - health related quality of life - pre-operative training
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