Kinematic Analysis of Volleyball Spike Jump

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of upper and lower extremity movements on the volleyball spike jump (SJ) and how this movement may differ from the standing vertical jumps due to its asymmetry. The 3-D kinematics of body segments were measured in 16 experienced volleyball players with a VICON motion capture system. The jump heights (JH) of counter-movement (CM) and SJ were determined utilizing a force platform. A significant correlation was found between the JH during the SPJ and the maximal horizontal velocity of the center of mass (CoM) (r=0.71, p=0.002), the minimum height of the CoM (r=−0.68, p=0.004), the JH during CMJ (r=0.66, p=0.006) and SJ (r=0.74, p=0.001), the range of movement of right knee flexion-extension (r=0.76, p=0.001) and the angular velocity of left shoulder hyperextension (r=0.72, p=0.002). The asymmetry of the SJ revealed differences in angles, angular velocities of the right and left legs and arms, and a significant difference (p=0.001) between the distances of the left and right foot center to the CoM. Results of our study suggest the importance of optimal approach technique to reach a maximal JH in the volleyball SJ. The SJ movement is influenced by general jumping ability.

Key words

counter movement jump - squat jump - asymmetry - jump height - ball games

References

• 1 Aragon-Vargas LF, Gross MM. Kinesiological factors in vertical jump performance: Differences among individuals.  J Appl Biomech. 1997;  13 24-44
• 2 Bobbert MF, Van Ingen Schenau GJ. Coordination of vertical jumping.  J Biomech. 1988;  21 241-262
• 3 Bobbert MF, Gerritsen KGM, Litjens MCA, Van Soest AJ. Why is counter movement jump height greater than squat jump height?.  J Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;  28 1402-1412
• 4 Bobbert MF, Casius RLJ. Is the effect of a counter movement on jump height due to active state development.  J Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;  37 440-446
• 5 Bosco C, Viitasalo JT, Komi PV, Luhtanen P. Combined effects of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation during stretch-shortening cycle exercise.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1982;  114 557-565
• 6 Coleman SGS, Benham AS, Northcott SR. A three-dimensional cinematographical analysis of the volleyball spike.  J Sports Sci. 1993;  11 295-302
• 7 Davis RB, õunpuu S, Tyburski D, Gage JR. A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique.  Hum Mov Sci. 1991;  10 575-587
• 8 Domire ZJ, Challis JH. The influence of squat depth on maximal vertical jump performance.  J Sports Sci. 2007;  25 193-200
• 9 Feltner ME, Fraschetti DJ, Crisp RJ. Upper extremity augmentation of lower extremity kinetcs during counter movement vertical jumps.  J Sports Sci. 1999;  17 449-466
• 10 Feltner M, Dapena J. Three-dimensional interactions in a two-segment kinetic chain. Part II: Application to the throwing arm in baseball pitching.  Int J Sports Biomech. 1986;  5 420-450
• 11 Forthomme B, Croisier JL, Ciccarone G, Crielaard JM, Cloes M. Factors correlated with volleyball spike velocity.  Am J Sports Med. 2005;  33 1513-1519
• 12 Fukashiro S, Komi PV, Järvinen M, Miyashita M. In vivo achilles tendon loading during jumping in humans.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1995;  71 453-458
• 13 Gabbett T, Georgieff B. Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of Australian junior national, state and novice volleyball players.  J Strength Cond Res. 2007;  21 902-908
• 14 Giatsis G, Kollias I, Panoutsakopoulos V, Papaiakovou G. Biomechanical differences in elite beach-volleyball players in vertical squat jump on rigid and sand surface.  Sports Biomech. 2004;  37 145-158
• 15 Gutierrez-Farewik EM, Bartonek A, Saraste H. Comparison and evaluation of two common methods to measure center of mass displacement in three dimensions during gait.  Hum Mov Sci. 2006;  25 238-256
• 16 Hara M, Shibayama A, Takeshita D, Fukashiro S. The effect of arm swing on lower extremities in vertical jumping.  J Biomech. 2005;  38 2503-2511
• 17 Hatze H. Validity and reliability of methods for testing vertical jump performance.  J Appl Biomech. 1998;  14 127-140
• 18 Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wooten ME. Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking.  J Orthop Res. 1990;  8 383-392
• 19 Lees A, Vanrenterghem J, Clercq D. Understanding how an arm swing enhances performance in the vertical jump.  J Biomech. 2004;  37 1929-1940
• 20 Pandy MG, Zajac FE. Optimal muscular coordination strategies for jumping.  J Biomech. 1991;  24 1-10
• 21 Rab G, Petuskey K, Bagley A. A method for determination of upper extremity kinematics.  Gait Posture. 2002;  15 113-119
• 22 Selbie WS, Caldwell GE. A simulation study of vertical jumping from different starting postures.  J Biomech. 1996;  29 1137-1146
• 23 Smith DJ, Roberts D, Watson B. Physical, physiological and performance differences between Canadian national team and universiade volleyball players.  J Sports Sci. 1992;  10 131-138
• 24 Tilp M, Wagner H, Müller E. Differences in 3D kinematics between volleyball and beach volleyball spike movements.  Sports Biomech. 2008;  7 386-397
• 25 Vetter K, Voigt HF, Natrup J, Nicol K. Ein innovatives Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Bodenreaktionskräften im Beach-Volleyball.  Leistungssport. 2004;  5 39-44

Correspondence