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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1225628
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Zehn Jahre Handtransplantation Experiment oder Routine?
Ten years of Hand Transplantation Experiment or Routine?Publication History
eingereicht: 3.4.2009
akzeptiert: 10.06.2009
Publication Date:
17 August 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Im 20. Jahrhundert wurde die Legende von Kosmas und Damian, einen Extremitätenanteil von einem auf einen anderen Menschen zu übertragen – Wirklichkeit. Die erste Handtransplantation wurde 1964 in Ecuador durchgeführt. Aufgrund einer Abstoßungsreaktion musste die Hand allerdings innerhalb von drei Wochen wieder abgenommen werden. Dasselbe Schicksal erlitt der erste, mit modernerem, immunsupprimierendem Schema behandelte Patient, der 1998 in Lyon eine Hand eines hirntoten Spenders erhielt. Seither sind weltweit nur 32 Menschen mit Teilen der oberen Extremität versorgt worden. Aufgrund der eigenen Erfahrung mit drei Patienten mit Transplantationen beider Hände sollen diese zwar schon z. T. publizierten Krankengeschichten nochmals zusammengefasst und kritisch zu der Indikation Stellung genommen werden. Es wird auch betont wie schwierig, vielschichtig und komplex die Aufklärung eines Patienten ist, der im Vorfeld in mehreren Gesprächen auf alle Phasen der Therapie aber auch der möglichen Komplikationen bis hin zur Abstoßung aufgeklärt werden muss. Kann die psychische Belastung in der Wartezeit auf einen geeignetes Spenderorgan, die erste postoperatative schwierige Phase, die regelmäßige langandauernde Handtherapie, die lebenslange Medikamenteneinnahme, die Komplexität des gesamten Einsatzes für einen Laien verständlich gemacht werden? Gleiches mit Gleichem zu ersetzen ist das Ziel der bestmöglichen Wiederherstellungschirurgie. Es ist zu hoffen, dass in Zukunft durch Innovationen in der immunsupprimierenden Therapie Patienten die Transplantation auch einer oder beider Hände als Routineeingriff angeboten werden kann. Bis dahin muss die Indikation streng und wahrscheinlich nur an einigen Zentren gestellt werden und die Langzeitergebnisse, Nachteile und Komplikationen, – wie Nebenwirkungen usw. müssen offen dargelegt werden.
Abstract
In the 20th century the legend of Cosmas and Damian – an extremity being transferred from one person to another – became reality. The first hand transplantation was carried out in 1964 in Ecuador but the hand had to be removed again within three weeks due to rejection. Although he was the first one to be treated with more modern immunosuppressants, the same fate overtook another patient who received a hand from a brain-dead donor in 1998 in Lyon. Since then only 32 persons worldwide have been provided with parts of the upper extremity. The partly published histories of three patients who have had both hands transplanted will be summarised and indication critically assessed once again. It is also stressed how difficult, multi-layered and complex the patient's education is. The patient has to be informed in many conversations beforehand about every stage of therapy but also about possible complications and even rejection. Can the psychological burden/stress while waiting for a donor, the difficult post-operative period, lifelong adherence to a rigorous drug-regimen, the complexity of the whole procedure be made comprehensible to a layman? To replace same with same is the goal of the best-possible reconstructive surgery. It is to hope that through future innovations in the immunosuppressing therapy patients can be offered transplantation of one or both hands as a routine-operation. Until then indication has to be strict and the operation can possibly only be performed in a few centres. Long-time prospects, disadvantages and complications, as well as side effects have to be presented openly.
Schlüsselwörter
Handtransplantation - Indikation - Ausblick
Key words
hand transplantation - indication - future
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Korrespondenzadresse
Prof. Hildegunde Piza-Katzer
Medizinische Universität
Innsbruck
Universitätsklinik für Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie
Anichstraße 35
6020 Innsbruck
Österreich
Email: hildegunde.piza@i-med.ac.at