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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1233296
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Kraftfluss und Spannungsanalyse bei unterschiedlicher Implantatbelastung – eine Modellstudie
Force Flow and Stress Analysis of Various Implant Loading – an in–vitro StudyPublication History
Publication Date:
23 June 2009 (online)
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Kraftapplikation am Implantat führt zu Belastungen im Bereich des Alveolarknochens. Zur Darstellung und Analyse der resultierenden Spannungen wurden spannungsoptische Modelle gefertigt und 3–dimensionale Finite–Element–Modelle generiert. Die Implantatbelastungen erfolgten in axialer Richtung und extra–axial mit 2 cm Hebelabstand.
Der spannungsoptisch dargestellte Kraftfluss erscheint bei axialer Belastung symmetrisch, während bei extra–axialer Belastung erhöhte Spannungskonzentrationen im kortikalen Bereich der Belastungsseite auftreten.
Die qualitative Analyse der von Mises Vergleichsspannung und hydrostatischen Spannung ergab erhöhte Werte im kortikalen Bereich, die bei extra–axialer Belastung Höchstwerte erreichten und eine unsymmetrische Verteilung zeigten.
Die Spannungsspitzen im peri–implantären Bereich dürften mit dem dort beobachteten Knochenabbau in Verbindung stehen. Die enorme Erhöhung der Spannungen bei extra–axialer Belastung sollte dem Kliniker bewusst sein, sodass er bei der Planung von Implantation und Suprakonstruktion versucht, eine möglichst axiale Implantatbelastung zu gewährleisten.
The application of force at implant leads to loading of the surrounding alveolar bone. In order to illustrate and analyze the resulting stresses, photoelastic models were fabricated and three–dimensional finite element models were generated. Implant loading was carried out in axial and off–set direction with a lever arm of 2 cm.
The photoelastic force transfer shows a symmetrical image in axial loading, whereas off–set loading provoked increased stress concentrations in the cortical layer on the lever side.
The qualitative analysis of von Mises equivalent stress and hydrostatic stress exhibited increased values in the cortical layer which reached a peak under off–set loading beside an unsymmetrical stress distribution.
The peaks in stress in the peri–implant area can be considered related to the bone loss observed in this area. The clinician should be aware of the enormous stress increase in off–set loading. When planning implantation and superstructure he should try to achieve implant loading mainly in axial direction.
Schlüsselwörter
axiale Belastung - extra-axiale Belastung - Kraftfluss - kortikale Schicht - spannungsoptische Darstellung - Finite-Element-Analyse
Key words
Axial Loading - Off-set Loading - Force Transfer - Cortical Layer - Photoelastic Study - FE-Analysis
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Korrespondenzadresse
Priv.–Doz. Dr. Siegfried M. Heckmann
Zahnklinik 2 – Zahnärztliche Prothetik Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg
Glückstr.11
91054 Erlangen
Email: siegfried.heckmann@uk-erlangen.de