Abstract
In the context of a case control study on the cancer risk for children under five by distance to the nearest nuclear power plant, we collected information on other risk factors in a subset. We present the interview study as if it had been an independent study. Parents of 471 cases with Leukaemia, Lymphoma or CNS (Central Nervous System)-tumour from the German Childhood Cancer Registry, diagnosed at age under 5 in the years 1993–2003, and 1 457 matched controls were to be interviewed. For Leukaemia, 243 cases/604 controls, and for CNS 102 cases/246 controls participated, lymphoma cases were too few. Questions related to social status, ionizing radiation, pregnancy and birth, immune system, and selected toxins. The analysis is exploratory in nature; variables were selected by backward elimination. For leukaemia we found a significant protective effect of social contacts (OR=0.50, 95% CI [0.29;0.87]) and a risk for high birth weight (OR=1.96 95% CI [1.12;3.41] comparing >4 000 g to “normal”). We could not reproduce other associations reported in the literature such as a negative association with allergies. For CNS tumours we found a significant protective effect of social contacts (OR=0.30 95% CI [0.13;0.72]), of pesticides and herbicides (OR=0.39 95% CI [0.18;0.83]) and an increased risk for low birth weight (p=0.0232) . This study on risk factors for childhood leukaemia and brain tumours is relatively small and exploratory. We could reproduce some major associations reported in the literature (leukaemia: social contacts and high birth weight) but not others. Some observations may be reporting artefacts or self selection artefacts.
Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen einer Fall-Kontrollstudie zum Krebsrisiko von Kindern unter 5 in der Nähe von Kernkraftwerken wurde eine Untergruppe zu anderen Risikofaktoren befragt. Hier präsentieren wir die Befragungsstudie unabhängig von der ursprünglichen Fragestellung. Es sollten 471 Eltern von in den Jahren 1993–2003 im Alter von unter 5 diagnostizierten Leukämie-, Lymphom- oder ZNS-Tumor-Fällen (Zentrales Nervensystem) zusammen mit gematchten Kontrollen befragt werden. Für Leukämie konnten 243 Fälle/604 Kontrollen, für ZNS-Tumoren 102 Fälle/246 Kontrollen verwendet werden, Lymphomfälle gab es zu wenige. Es wurden Fragen gestellt zum sozialen Status, zu ionisierender Strahlung, Schwangerschaft und Geburt, zum Immunsystem und einigen ausgewählten Toxinen. Die folgende Auswertung hat explorativen Charakter. Bei den Leukämien fanden wir einen signifikanten protektiven Effekt sozialer Kontakte (OR=0,50 95% KI [0,29;0,87]), sowie ein Risiko bei erhöhtem Geburtsgewicht (OR=1,96 95% KI [1,12;3,41] >4 000 g im Vergleich zu “normal”). Andere in der Literatur berichtete Zusammenhänge, wie z. B. eine negative Assoziation mit Allergie, konnten nicht reproduziert werden. Für ZNS-Tumoren fanden wir einen signifikanten protektiven Effekt sozialer Kontakte (OR=0,30 95% KI [0,13;0,72]), einen protektiven Effekt für Pestizide und Herbizide (OR=0,39 95% KI [0,18;0,83]) und ein erhöhtes Risiko für geringes Geburtsgewicht (p=0,0232). Diese Studie zu Risikofaktoren für kindliche Leukämien und Hirntumoren ist eher klein und hat explorativen Charakter. Wir konnten einige wichtige Risiken aus der Literatur reproduzieren (Leukämie: Soziale Kontakte und hohes Geburtsgewicht), andere hingegen nicht. Einige Beobachtungen könnten Berichtsartefakte oder Selbstselektionsartefakte sein.
Key words
case control study - childhood cancer - epidemiology - immune system - leukemia - risk factor
Schlüsselwörter
Fall-Kontroll-Studie - Kinderkrebs - Epidemiologie - Immunsystem - Leukämie - Risikofaktor
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Correspondence
PD Dr. Claudia Spix
Universitätsmedizin Mainz
Deutsches Kinderkrebsregister
55101 Mainz
Germany
Phone: +49/6131/17 6852
Fax: +49/6131/17 4462
Email: kinderkrebsregister@imbei.uni-mainz.de