Int J Sports Med 2010; 31(3): 213-217
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243256
Genetics & Molecular Biology

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

CK-MM Gene Polymorphism Does not Influence the Blood CK Activity Levels After Exhaustive Eccentric Exercise

C. Yamin1 , 2 , J. Oliveira2 , Y. Meckel1 , N. Eynon1 , 2 , M. Sagiv1 , 2 , M. Ayalon1 , A. J. Alves1 , 2 , J. A. Duarte2
  • 1Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
  • 2CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

accepted after revision November 11, 2009

Publikationsdatum:
15. Februar 2010 (online)

Abstract

Gene variants, such as creatine kinase (CK) polymorphisms, have been suggested to explain the inter-individual blood CK response to eccentric exercise. However, since this association is still doubtful, the purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between the magnitudes of the CK response to exercise with the occurrence of muscle CK-MM NcoI polymorphism in young healthy subjects. Blood CK activity was assessed in 70 subjects immediately before and 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168 h after strenuous eccentric exercise. Based on the amount of CK release by each subject, the sample was distributed in quartiles and the genotype and allele frequency distribution was compared among quartiles. Despite the inter-individual variability of CK response observed between subjects, there were no differences in genotype and allele frequencies among quartiles. The results allowed us to conclude that CK response after exhaustive eccentric exercise is not associated with CK-MM Ncol polymorphism.

References

  • 1 Amelink GJ, Bär PR. Exercise-induced muscle protein leakage in the rat. Effects of hormonal manipulation.  J Neurol Sci. 1986;  76 61-68
  • 2 Armstrong RB, Warren GL, Warren JA. Mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle fibre injury.  Sports Med. 1991;  12 184-207
  • 3 Bär PR, Amelink GJ, Oldenburg B, Blankenstein MA. Prevention of exercise-induced muscle membrane damage by oestradiol.  Life Sci. 1988;  42 2677-2681
  • 4 Brancaccio P, Maffulli N, Limongelli FM. Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine.  Br Med Bull. 2007;  81–82 209-230
  • 5 Chen TC. Variability in muscle damage after eccentric exercise and the repeated bout effect.  Res Q Exerc Sport. 2006;  77 362-371
  • 6 Clarkson PM, Hubal MJ. Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans.  Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;  81 S52-S69
  • 7 Clarkson PM, Hoffman EP, Zambraski E, Gordish-Dressman H, Kearns A, Hubal M, Harmon B, Devaney JM. ACTN3 and MLCK genotype associations with exertional muscle damage.  J Appl Physiol. 2005;  99 564-569
  • 8 Devaney JM, Hoffman EP, Gordish-Dressman H, Kearns A, Zambraski E, Clarkson PM. IGF-II gene region polymorphisms related to exertional muscle damage.  J Appl Physiol. 2007;  102 1815-1823
  • 9 Echegaray M, Rivera MA. Role of creatine kinase isoenzymes on muscular and cardiorespiratory endurance: Genetic and molecular evidence.  Sports Med. 2001;  31 919-934
  • 10 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. International Journal of Sports Medicine – Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research.  Int J Sports Med. 2009;  30 701-702
  • 11 Heled Y, Bloom MS, Wu TJ, Stephens Q, Deuster PA. CK-MM and ACE genotypes and physiological prediction of the creatine kinase response to exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 2007;  103 504-510
  • 12 Henriksen EJ, Jacob S, Kinnick TR, Youngblood EB, Schmit MB, Dietze GJ. ACE inhibition and glucose transport in insulinresistant muscle: roles of bradykinin and nitric oxide.  Am J Physiol. 1999;  277 R332-R336
  • 13 Hornemann T, Stolz M, Wallimann T. Isoenzyme-specific interaction of muscle-type creatine kinase with the sarcomeric M-line is mediated by NH(2)-terminal lysine charge-clamps.  J Cell Biol. 2000;  149 1225-1234
  • 14 Horska A, Fishbein KW, Fleg JL, Spencer RG. The relationship between creatine kinase kinetics and exercise intensity in human forearm is unchanged by age.  Am J Physiol. 2000;  279 E333-E339
  • 15 Houmard JA, Costill DL, Mitchell JB, Park SH, Fink WJ, Burns JM. Testosterone, cortisol and creatine kinase levels in male distance runners during reduced training.  Int J Sports Med. 1990;  11 41-45
  • 16 Lindpaintner K, Pfeffer MA, Kreutz R, Stampfer MJ, Grodstein F, LaMotte F, Buring J, Hennekens CH. A prospective evaluation of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and the risk of ischemic heart disease.  N Engl J Med. 1995;  332 706-711
  • 17 Manfredi TG, Fielding RA, O’Reilly KP, Meredith CN, Lee HY, Evans WJ. Plasma creatine kinase activity and exercise-induced muscle damage in older men.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;  23 1028-1034
  • 18 Nosaka K, Clarkson PM, Apple FS. Time course of serum protein changes after strenuous exercise of the forearm flexors.  J Lab Clin Med. 1992;  119 183-188
  • 19 Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning. Cold Spring Harbor 1989 NY
  • 20 Salvadori A, Fanari P, Ruga S, Brunani A, Longhini E. Creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme during and after exercise testing in normal and obese young people.  Chest. 1992;  102 1687-1689
  • 21 Schwane JA, Buckley RT, Dipaolo DP, Atkinson MA, Shepherd JR. Plasma creatine kinase responses of 18- to 30-yr-old African-American men to eccentric exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;  32 370-378
  • 22 Sherwood RA, Lambert A, Newham DJ, Wassif WS, Peters TJ. The effect of eccentric exercise on serum creatine kinase activity in different ethnic groups.  Ann Clin Biochem. 1996;  33 ((Pt 4)) 324-329
  • 23 Tiidus PM. Influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle damage, inflammation, and repair.  Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003;  31 40-44
  • 24 Van der Meulen JH, Kuipers H, Drukker J. Relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage and enzyme release in rats.  J Appl Physiol. 1991;  71 999-1004
  • 25 Vincent HK, Vincent KR. The effect of training status on the serum creatine kinase response, soreness and muscle function following resistance exercise.  Int J Sports Med. 1997;  18 431-437
  • 26 Willoughby DS, Taylor M, Taylor L. Glucocorticoid receptor and ubiquitin expression after repeated eccentric exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;  35 2023-2031
  • 27 Yamin C, Amir O, Sagiv M, Attias E, Meckel Y, Eynon N, Sagiv M, Amir RE. ACE ID genotype affects blood creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 2007;  103 2057-2061
  • 28 Yamin C, Duarte JA, Oliveira JM, Amir O, Sagiv M, Eynon N, Sagiv M, Amir RE. IL6 (-174) and TNFA (-308) promoter polymorphisms are associated with systemic creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;  104 579-586
  • 29 Zager RA. Rhabdomyolysis and myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure.  Kidney Int. 1996;  49 314-326

Correspondence

Prof. Jose Alberto Duarte

University of Porto Sport Biology

R. Dr. Placido Costa 91

4200-450 Porto

Portugal

Telefon: +351919422122

Fax: +351225500689

eMail: jarduarte@fade.up.pt