RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243965
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Chronische Morphintherapie und respiratorische Insuffizienz im Schlaf
Long-Term Opioid Therapy and Respiratory Insufficiency During SleepPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht 22. 10. 2009
akzeptiert nach Revision 21. 1. 2010
Publikationsdatum:
07. April 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ein zunehmender Anteil von Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen wird mittels Morphingabe analgetisch behandelt. Es gibt Hinweise dafür, dass eine Hypersomnieneigung am Tage bei diesen Patienten vor allem durch Atmungsstörungen im Schlaf bedingt ist. Am Beispiel von drei Patienten unter Langzeitopioidtherapie werden die Polysomnografien vor und unter nächtlicher Beatmungstherapie dargestellt. Als auffällige Befunde konnten zentrale Atmungsstörungen, einhergehend mit vermindertem Tief- und REM-Schlaf, objektiviert werden. Unter der eingeleiteten nicht invasiven Beatmungstherapie fand sich eine deutliche Verbesserung des respiratorischen Status mit Zunahme des Tiefschlafs und moderater Abnahme der Hypersomnie. Bei Patienten mit chronischer Opioidtherapie und Hypersomnie sollte an das Vorliegen zentraler Atmungsstörungen gedacht werden.
Abstract
An increasing proportion of the patients with chronic pain are being treated with opioids on a long-term basis. There are indications that the causes of hypersomnia in patients under chronic opioid therapy are primarily related to breathing disorders during sleep. Hence, we compared the polysomnographies of three hypersomnic patients receiving long-term opioid therapy before and during nocturnal non-invasive ventilatory therapy. Significant findings were a central breathing pattern accompanied by reduced deep and REM sleep. On applying non-invasive ventilatory therapy, there was a significant improvement of respiratory status with an increase of deep sleep as well as a moderate decrease in hypersomnia. In patients under chronic opioid therapy with hypersomnia, the presence of central breathing disorders should be considered.
Literatur
- 1 Wang D, Teichtahl H, Drummer O H. et al . Central sleep apnea in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients. Chest. 2005; 128 1348-1356
- 2 Pattinson K TS. Opioids and the control of respiration. Br J Anaesth. 2008; 100 747-758
- 3 Goldstein A, Lowney L I, Pal B K. Stereospecific and nonspecific interactions of the morphine congener levorphanol in the sucelluar fractions of mouse brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1971; 68 1742-1747
- 4 Pert C B, Snyder S H. Opiate receptor: demonstration in nervous tissue. Science. 1973; 179 1011-1014
- 5 Lamotte C, Pert C B, Snyder S H. Opiate receptor binding in primate spinal cord: distribution and changes after dorsal root section. Brain Res. 1976; 112 407-412
- 6 Yaksh T L, Rudy T A. Analgesia mediated by a direct spinal action of narcotics. Science. 1976; 192 1357-1358
- 7 Wang J K, Nauss L A, Thomas J E. Pain relief by intrathecally applied morphine in man. Anesthesiology. 1979; 50 149-151
-
8 Holtsmann M, Fishman S M.
Opioid receptors. In: Benton HT, Raja N, Molloy RE, Liu S, Fishman SM Essentials of Pain Medicine and Regional Anestesia. London; Churchill Livingstone 2005: 87-91 - 9 Aghajanian G K. Tolerance of locus coeruleus neurones of morphine and suppression of withdrawal response by clonidine. Nature. 1978; 276 186-188
- 10 Wilson L, Dorosz L. Possible Role of the opioid peptides in sleep. Med Hypotheses. 1984; 14 269-280
- 11 Kay D C, Pickworth W B, Neidert G L. et al . Opioid effects on computer-derived sleep and EEG parameters in nondependent human addicts. Sleep. 1979; 2 175-191
- 12 Kay D C, Pickworth W B, Neider G L. Morphine-like insomnia from heroin in nondependent human addicts. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981; 11 159-169
- 13 Pickworth W B, Neidert G L, Kay D C. Morphinelike arousal by methadone during sleep. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981; 30 796-804
- 14 Dimsdale J E, Norman D, DeJardin D. et al . The effects of opioids on sleep architecture. JCSM. 2007; 3 33-36
- 15 Donald K W, Christie R V. The respiratory response to carbon dioxide and anoxia in emphysema. Clin Sc. 1949; 8 33-44
- 16 Wilson R H, Hoseth W, Dempsey M E. Respiratory Acidosis – I. Effects of Decreasing Respiratory Minute Volume in Patients with Severe Chronic Pulmonary Emphysema, with Specific Reference to Oxygen, Morphine and Barbiturates. Am J Med. 1954; 17 464-470
- 17 Teichtahl H, Wang D. Sleep-disordered breathing with chronic opioid use. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2007; 6 641-649
- 18 Farney R J, Walker J M, Cloward T V. et al . Sleep-disordered breathing associated with long-term opioid therapy. Chest. 2003; 123 632-639
- 19 Wang D, Teichtahl H. Opioids, sleep architecture and sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Med Reviews. 2007; 11 35-46
- 20 Walker J M, Farney R J, Rhondeau S M. et al . Chronic opioid use is a risk factor for the development of central sleep apnea and ataxic breathing. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007; 3 455-461
- 21 Ko S, Goldstein D H, VanDenKerkhof E G. Definitions of „respiratory depression” with intrathecal morphine postoperative analgesia: a review of the literature. Can J Anesth. 2003; 50 679-688
- 22 American Academy of Sleep medicine2005 .International classification of sleep disorders. Diagnostic and coding manual; 2nd ed Westchester, Illinois; American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2005
- 23 Mayer G, Fietze I, Fischer J. et al . S3-Leitlinie Nicht-erholsamer Schlaf/Schlafstörungen. Somnologie. 2009; 13 (Suppl. 1) 4-160
- 24 Kindler D, Maier C, Kagel T. et al . Neurologische Komplikationen und Wirkverlust unter intrathekaler Schmerztherapie. Schmerz. 2005; 19 144-155
- 25 Kumar K, Hunter G, Demeria D D. Treatment of chronic pain by using intrathecal drug therapy compared with conventional pain therapies: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Neurosurg. 2002; 97 803-810
- 26 Xiulu R. Drug related side effects of long-term intrathecal morphine therapy. Pain Physician. 2007; 10 357-365
Johannes E. S. Nolte
Klinik für Innere Medizin
SP Pneumologie, Intensiv- und Schlafmedizin
Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH
Standort Marburg
Baldingerstraße 1
35033 Marburg
eMail: johannesnolte@gmail.com