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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245133
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Zoster-Vakzine
Zoster VaccinePublikationsverlauf
Eingegangen: 27.11.2009
Angenommen: 8.1.2010
Publikationsdatum:
20. Mai 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Seit Oktober 2009 ist in Deutschland ein Zosterimpfstoff (Zostavax®) verfügbar, der für Personen ab 50 Jahre zur Prävention von Herpes zoster und postzosterischer Neuralgie (PZN) zugelassen ist. Der Nachweis der klinischen Wirksamkeit der hoch dosierten, attenuierten Lebendvakzine erfolgte in einer doppelblinden, randomisierten, placebokontrollierten Studie an über 38 000 immunkompetenten ≧ 60-jährigen Menschen. Im Vergleich zu Placebo bewirkte der Impfstoff die Senkung der Zosterhäufigkeit um 51 %, die Abnahme des PZN-Risikos um 67 % und insgesamt eine Senkung der Krankheitslast um 61 %. Erkrankungen, die in der Impfstoffgruppe auftraten, verliefen deutlich milder und komplikationsärmer als die Zosterfälle in der Placebogruppe. Obwohl die Wirksamkeit der Impfung auf die Zosterinzidenz sich mit zunehmendem Alter der Geimpften verringerte, profitierten auch Menschen jenseits des 70. Lebensjahres von der Impfung, da bei ihnen die Schwere der Erkrankungen stärker abnahm. Nach derzeitigem Wissensstand hält der Impfschutz mindestes 7 Jahre an. Ob und wann eine Wiederimpfung erforderlich sein könnte, ist noch unbekannt. Der Zosterimpfstoff wurde gut vertragen. Zostavax kann gleichzeitig mit einem inaktivierten Influenzaimpfstoff verabreicht werden. Eine Simultanimpfung mit Zostavax und Pneumokokkenvakzine sollte nicht vorgenommen werden.
Abstract
In Germany, a vaccine (Zostavax®) to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults aged 50 years and older has been available since October 2009. The efficacy of this attenuated high-dose live vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving more than 38 000 immunocompetent adults aged ≧ 60 years. Compared to placebo the vaccine reduced the frequency of herpes zoster by 51 % and the incidence of PHN by 67 %. Overall, the burden of illness was reduced by 61 %. The course of diseases occurring among the vaccine recipients was clearly milder and the risk for complications was lower than among the placebo recipients. Although the vaccine efficacy against herpes zoster declined with advancing age of the vaccinees, subjects older than 70 years also benefited from vaccination because the burden of illness was considerably reduced. To the best of our present knowledge the protective effect of zoster vaccine persists for at least 7 years post-vaccination. The need for, or timing of, revaccination has not yet been determined. Zostavax has been well tolerated. It can be concomitantly administered with inactivated influenza vaccine at separate sites. Zoster and pneumococcal vaccines should not be given concomitantly.
Schlüsselwörter
Herpes zoster - Impfung - postzosterische Neuralgie - Senioren - Gürtelrose
Key words
herpes zoster - vaccination - postherpetic neuralgia - seniors - shingles
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Prof. Dr. Peter Wutzler
Institut für Virologie und Antivirale Therapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
Hans-Knöll-Str. 2
07745 Jena
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