Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene stellen eine Minderheit unter den Patienten mit
malignen Erkrankungen dar. Ihr Gesamtüberleben hat sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten
– anders als das jüngerer oder älterer Patienten – kaum verbessert. Ob dies an Unterschieden
der Tumorbiologie und der Therapiekonzepte oder an besonderen psychosozialen Bedingungen
mit einer schlechteren Compliance und Versorgungsqualität liegt, ist unklar. In der
vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden deshalb alle 15- bis 39-jährigen Patienten des Klinischen
Krebsregisters Rostock der vergangenen 10 Jahren analysiert, um nachfolgend ein interdisziplinären
Therapie- und Begleitungskonzept erarbeiten zu können. Ergebnisse: Es wurden bei einer geschätzten 93 %-igen Erfassungsrate 2164 Fälle aus einer Region
von ca. 570 000 Einwohnern erfasst. Die Erkrankungshäufigkeit nimmt in jeder 5-Jahres-Alterskohorte
zu: Unter 5 % waren 15 – 19 Jahre alt, über 40 % 35 – 39 Jahre. Das Diagnosen-Verteilungsmuster
ändert sich gleitend. In der jüngsten Kohorte überwogen hämatolymphatische Erkrankungen,
Hirntumoren und Sarkome, in den mittleren Alterskohorten die Melanome und Tumoren
des inneren weiblichen Genitales und erst bei der hohen Alterskohorte traten Karzinome
außerhalb der Geschlechtsorgane nennenswert hervor, auch hier stellten sie nicht jedoch
die Hauptgruppe dar. Die Carcinoma-in-situ-Erkrankungen der Zervix junger Frauen umfassten
rund ein Viertel des Gesamtkollektivs. Obwohl die großen Kliniken in der Region zentral
an Meldung und Betreuung der Patienten beteiligt waren, wurden rund 40 % von niedergelassenen
Ärztinnen und Ärzten, von kleinen oder auch wohnortfernen Kliniken gemeldet. Schlussfolgerung: Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene weisen tumorbiologische und psychosoziale Unterschiede
gegenüber Kindern und Erwachsenen auf, die neue interdisziplinäre Therapie- und zentralisierte
Betreuungskonzepte erfordern.
Abstract
Background: Adolescents and young adults represent a minority among cancer patients. In contrast
to younger or older patients, their overall survival did not improve considerably
in the last two decades. It is unknown whether this is due to different tumour biology
or therapy concepts, or to particular psychosocial conditions in this age group, leading
to reduced compliance or quality of care. Thus, the therapy of cancer in adolescents
and young adults represents a particular challenge. In order to establish new concepts
for the interdisciplinary therapy, in the following study all patients from 15 to
39 years of age reported to the clinical cancer registry Rostock in the last ten years
were analysed. Results: With an estimated reporting rate of 93 per cent, 2164 cases from a region of about
570 000 inhabitants were collected. The cancer incidence increases from each age cohort
to the next: less than 5 % were 15 – 19 years old, more than 40 % 35 – 39 years. The
distribution pattern of diagnoses changed continuously: In the youngest cohort, hematolymphatic
diseases, brain tumours and sarkomas predominated, in the middle age cohort we saw
a large number of melanomas and tumours of the inner female genitalia, and only in
the high age cohort carcinomas outside the genitalia appeared more commonly, still
representing a minority. Especially, the carcinomas in situ of the cervix uteri in
young women included about one fourth of the whole patient group. Although, as expected,
the large hospitals of the region predominated in reporting and therapy of the patients,
about 40 per cent of the young patients were reported by physicians outside the hospitals,
or by hospitals distant to the home regions of the patients. Conclusions: Adolescents and young adults show both biological and psychosocial differences compared
to children and older adults. To better meet these challenges, new interdisciplinary
concepts of therapy and care are needed. This study shows that treatment in this age
group currently usually is not done in centralized way.
Schlüsselwörter
Jugendliche - junge Erwachsene - Epidemiologie - Krebserkrankungen
Key words
adolescents - young adults - epidemiology - cancer
Literatur
1 Robert Koch-Institut und Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland
e. V (Hrsg).. Krebs in Deutschland 2005 / 2006 – Häufigkeiten und Trends. Berlin:
Robert Koch-Institut; 2010 7. Ausgabe
2
Stern M, Krivoy E, Foster R H et al.
Psychosocial functioning and career decision-making in Israeli adolescent and young
adult cancer survivors.
Pediatr Blood Cancer.
2010;
55
708-713
3
Rutskij R, Gaarden T, Bremnes R et al.
A study of coping in long-term testicular cancer survivors.
Psychol Health Med.
2010;
15
146-158
4
Treadgold C L, Kuperberg A.
Been There, Done That, Wrote the Blog: The Choices and Challenges of Supporting Adolescents
and Young Adults With Cancer.
J Clin Oncol.
2010;
. [Epub ahead of print]
5
Woodgate R L.
Conceptual understanding of resilience in the adolescent with cancer: Part I.
J Pediatr Oncol Nurs.
1999;
16
35-43
6
Woodgate R L.
A review of the literature on resilience in the adolescent with cancer: Part II.
J Pediatr Oncol Nurs.
1999;
16
78-89
7
Hayes-Lattin B, Mathews-Bradshaw B, Siegel S.
Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Training for Health Professionals: A Position
Statement.
J Clin Oncol.
2010;
[Epub ahead of print]
8
Rabin C, Simpson N, Morrow K et al.
Behavioral and Psychosocial Program Needs of Young Adult Cancer Survivors.
Qual Health Res.
2010;
. [Epub ahead of print]
9
Thomas D M, Albritton K H, Ferrari A.
Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology: An Emerging Field.
J Clin Oncol.
2010;
[Epub ahead of print]
10
Kazak A E, Derosa B W, Schwartz L A et al.
Psychological outcomes and health beliefs in adolescent and young adult survivors
of childhood cancer and controls.
J Clin Oncol.
2010;
28
2002-2007
11
Kent E E, Morris R A, Largent J A et al.
Socioeconomic Impacts on Survival Differ by Race/Ethnicity among Adolescents and Young
Adults with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
J Cancer Epidemiol.
2010;
2010
824 691
12
Bleyer A.
The adolescent and young adult gap in cancer care and outcome.
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care.
2005;
35
182-217
13
Dolgin M J, Katz E R, Doctors S R et al.
Caregivers’ perceptions of medical compliance in aldolescents with cancer.
J Adolesc Health Care.
1986;
7
22-27
14
Tebbi C K, Cummings K M, Zevon M A et al.
Compliance of pediatric and aldolescent cancer patients.
Cancer.
1986;
58
1179-1184
15
Butow P, Palmer S, Pai A et al.
Review of Adherence-Related Issues in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
J Clin Oncol.
2010;
[Epub ahead of print]
16
Schwartz L A, Mao J J, Derosa B W et al.
Self-reported health problems of young adults in clinical settings: survivors of childhood
cancer and healthy controls.
J Am Board Fam Med.
2010;
23
306-314
17
Fern L, Davies S, Eden T et al.
Rates of inclusion of teenagers and young adults in England into National Cancer Research
Network clinical trials: report from the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI)
Teenage and Young Adult Clinical Studies Development Group.
Br J Cancer.
2008;
99
1967-1974
18
Link N J, Maurer E, Largent J et al.
Kids, adolescents, and young adult cancer study-a methodologic approach in cancer
epidemiology research.
J Cancer Epidemiol.
2009;
2009
354 257
19
Pearce S.
Policy and practice in teenage and young adult cancer care in England: looking to
the future.
Eur J Oncol Nurs.
2009;
13
149-153
20
Katalinic A, Pritzkuleit R, Waldmann A.
Recent Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Germany.
Breast Care.
2009;
4
75-80
21
Varga D, Koenig J, Kuhr K et al.
Comparison of early onset breast cancer patients to older premenopausal breast cancer
patients.
Arch Gynecol Obstet.
2010;
282
427-432
22
Soliman H, Ferrari A, Thomas D.
Sarcoma in the young adult population: an international view.
Semin Oncol.
2009;
36
227-236
23
Tai E, Pollack L A, Townsend J et al.
Differences in non-Hodgkin lymphoma survival between young adults and children.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.
2010;
164
218-224
24
Jaglowski S M, Linden E, Termuhlen A M et al.
Lymphoma in adolescents and young adults.
Semin Oncol.
2009;
36
381-418
25
Fernandez C V, Barr R D.
Adolescents and young adults with cancer: An orphaned population.
Paediatr Child Health.
2006;
11
103-106
26
Arora R S, Alston R D, Eden T O et al.
Cancer at ages 15 – 29 years: The contrasting incidence in India and England.
Pediatr Blood Cancer.
2010;
[Epub ahead of print]
27
Yang L, Fujimoto J, Qiu D et al.
Trends in cancer mortality in Japanese adolescents and young adults aged 15 – 29 years,
1970 – 2006.
Ann Oncol.
2009;
20
758-766
28
Croucher C, Whelan J S, Møller H et al.
Trends in the incidence and survival of cancer in teenagers and young adults: regional
analysis for South East England 1960 – 2002.
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol).
2009;
21
417-424
29
Desandes E, Lacour B, Belot A et al.
Cancer incidence and survival among adolescents and young adults in France (1978 –
1997).
Bull Cancer.
2007;
94
331-337
30
Birch J M, Pang D, Alston R D et al.
Survival from cancer in teenagers and young adults in England, 1979 – 2003.
Br J Cancer.
2008;
99
830-835
31
Alston R D, Geraci M, Eden T O et al.
Changes in cancer incidence in teenagers and young adults (ages 13 to 24 years) in
England 1979 – 2003.
Cancer.
2008;
113
2807-2815
32
Gaal J C, Bastiaannet van E, Schaapveld M et al.
Cancer in adolescents and young adults in north Netherlands (1989 – 2003): increased
incidence, stable survival and high incidence of second primary tumours.
Ann Oncol.
2009;
20
365-373
33
Whelan J, Dolbear C, Mak V et al.
Where do teenagers and young adults receive treatment for cancer?.
J Public Health.
2007;
29
178-182
34
Altmann U, Katz F R, Taffazoli A.
GTDS – a tool for tumor registries to support shared patient care.
Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp.
1996;
512-516
35
Gadgeel S M, Harlan L C, Zeruto C A et al.
Patterns of care in a population-based sample of soft tissue sarcoma patients in the
United States.
Cancer.
2009;
115
2744-2754
36
Lorenz M F, Xie L, Rogers P C et al.
Hospital-related morbidity among childhood cancer survivors in British Columbia, Canada:
Report of the childhood, adolescent, young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS) program.
Int J Cancer.
2010;
[Epub ahead of print]
37
Gurney J G, Krull K R, Kadan-Lottick N et al.
Social outcomes in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.
J Clin Oncol.
2009;
27
2390-2395
PD Dr. med. Carl Friedrich Classen
Universitäts-Kinder- und Jugendklinik Rostock
Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8
18057 Rostock
Telefon: ++ 49/3 81/4 94 72 62
Fax: ++ 49/3 81/4 94 72 61
eMail: carl-friedrich.classen@med.uni-rostock.de