RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247477
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York
Akute Appendizitis – Wandel in Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Acute Appendicitis – Changes in Epidemiology, Diagnosis and TherapyPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
23. Dezember 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die Appendizitis ist die häufigste Ursache für ein akutes Abdomen. Jährlich werden ca. 135 000 Patienten in Deutschland appendektomiert. Die akute Appendizitis zeigt Veränderungen in der Epidemiologie, der Diagnostik und der Therapie. Die Epidemiologie weist eine weiter anhaltende rückläufige Inzidenz für die akute nicht perforierte Appendizitis auf. Die Inzidenz der perforierten Appendizitis ist trotz Laparoskopie und bildgebender Diagnostik konstant geblieben. In der Diagnostik nimmt der Stellenwert der Sonografie und Computertomografie weiter zu. Es zeigen sich jedoch Differenzen zwischen der Sensitivität und Spezifität der Untersuchungen in Studien und der klinischen Routine. Die Zunahme der bildgebenden Diagnostik korreliert nicht mit einer Abnahme der perforierten Appendizitis. Die laparoskopische Appendektomie entwickelt sich zum dominierenden Verfahren in der operativen Therapie. Die höhere Rate intraabdomineller Abzesse nach laparoskopischer Appendektomie bei perforierter Appendizitis ist nicht mehr nachzuweisen. Der Stapler wird zur Appendixstumpfversorgung am häufigsten genutzt.
Abstract
Appendicitis is the most common cause of an acute abdomen. Around 135 000 patients undergo appendectomy in Germany every year. Acute appendicitis shows changes in epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy. Epidemiological data indicate a continuing decrease in the incidence of acute non-perforated appendicitis. The incidence of perforated appendicitis has remained constant despite laparoscopy and imaging diagnostics. The status of sonography and CT scanning is increasing in the diagnosis of appendicitis. But there are differences between the sensitivity and specifity of study results and the clinical routine. The increase of imaging diagnostics does not correlate with a decrease in the incidence of perforated appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy has developed as a dominant method for operative therapy. There is no proof of a higher rate of postoperative intraabdominal abscesses any more. The use of a stapler is mostly required for appendical stump closure.
Schlüsselwörter
akute Appendizitis - Epidemiologie - Appendektomie - Diagnostik
Key words
acute appendicitis - epidemiology - appendectomy - diagnosis
Literatur
- 1 Reissfelder C, McCafferty B, von Frankenberg M. Offene Appendektomie. Wann wird sie noch gebraucht. Chirurg. 2009; 80 602-607
- 2 Wolff H. Medizinhistorische Aspekte der Appendizitisbehandlung. Zentralbl Chir. 1998; 4 2-5
- 3 Ring A, Gelis V, Klupsch C et al. De Garengeot Appendizitis – seltene Variante eines alltäglichen Kranheitsbildes. Zentralbl Chir. 2009; 134 564-566
- 4 Morgenstern L. Charles McBurney (1845–1913). Afield from the appendix. Surg Endosc. 1996; 10 385-386
- 5 Semm K. Endoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopy. 1983; 15 59-64
- 6 Koch A, Marusch F, Schmidt U et al. Die Appendizitisbehandlung in der letzten Dekade des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zentralbl Chir. 2002; 127 290-296
- 7 Kang J Y, Hoare J, Majeed A et al. Decline in admission rates for acute appendicitis in England. Br J Surg. 2003; 90 1586-1592
- 8 Andreu-Ballester J C, Gonzalez-Sanchez A, Ballester F et al. Epidemiology of appendectomy and appendicitis in the Valencian community (Spain), 1998–2007. Dig Surg. 2009; 26 406-412
- 9 Ohmann C, Franke C, Kraemer M et al. Neues zur Epidemiologie der akuten Appendizitis. Chirurg. 2002; 73 769-776
- 10 Addiss D G, Shaffer N, Fowler B S et al. The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 1990; 132 910-925
- 11 Andersson R, Hugander A, Thulin A et al. Indications for operation in suspected appendicitis and incidence of perforation. BMJ. 1994; 308 107-110
- 12 McCahy P. Continuing fall in the incidence of acute appendicitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1994; 76 282-283
- 13 Papadopoulos A A, Polymeros D, Kateri M et al. Dramatic decline of acute appendicitis in Greece over 30 years: index of improvement of socioeconomic conditions or diagnostic aids?. Dig Dis. 2008; 26 80-84
- 14 Lee J H, Park Y S, Choi J S. The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in South Korea: National registry data. J Epidemiol. 2010; 20 97-105
- 15 Andersen S B, Paerregaard A, Larsen K. Changes in the epidemiology of acute appendicitis and appendectomy in Danish children 1996–2004. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2009; 19 286-289
- 16 Korner H, Soreide J A, Pedersen E J et al. Stability in incidence of acute appendicitis. A population-based longitudinal study. Dig Surg. 2001; 18 61-66
- 17 Livingston E H, Woodward W A, Sarosi G A et al. Disconnect between incidence of nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: implications for pathophysiology and management. Ann Surg. 2007; 245 886-892
- 18 Cuschieri J, Florence M, Flum D R et al. Negative appendectomy and imaging accuracy in the Washington State Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program. Ann Surg. 2008; 248 557-563
- 19 Simpson J, Samaraweera A P, Sara R K et al. Acute appendicitis – a benign disease?. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2008; 90 313-316
- 20 Wagner P L, Eachempati S R, Soe K et al. Defining the current negative appendectomy rate: for whom is preoperative computed tomography making an impact?. Surgery. 2008; 144 276-282
- 21 Ohmann C, Franke C, Yang Q et al. Diagnosescore für akute Appendizitis. Chirurg. 1995; 66 135-141
- 22 Alvarado A. A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med. 1986; 15 557-564
- 23 Binnebosel M, Otto J, Stumpf M et al. Akute Appendizitis. Moderne Diagnostik – der chirurgische Ultraschall. Chirurg. 2009; 80 579-587
- 24 Shetty M K, Garrett N M, Carpenter W S et al. Abdominal computed tomography during pregnancy for suspected appendicitis: A 5-year experience at a maternity hospital. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2010; 31 8-13
- 25 Gracey D, McClure M J. The impact of ultrasound in suspected acute appendicitis. Clin Radiol. 2007; 62 573-578
- 26 Kaiser S, Frenckner B, Jorulf H K. Suspected appendicitis in children: US and CT – a prospective randomized study. Radiology. 2002; 223 633-638
- 27 Kessler N, Cyteval C, Gallix B et al. Appendicitis: evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of US, Doppler US, and laboratory findings. Radiology. 2004; 230 472-478
- 28 Khanal B R, Ansari M A, Pradhan S. Accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2008; 6 70-74
- 29 Manner M, Stickel W. Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf Appendizitis – Lässt sich eine akute Appendizitis sonographisch ausschließen?. Chirurg. 2001; 72 1036-1042
- 30 Sivit C J, Applegate K E, Stallion A et al. Imaging evaluation of suspected appendicitis in a pediatric population: effectiveness of sonography versus CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000; 175 977-980
- 31 Doria A S, Moineddin R, Kellenberger C J et al. US or CT for diagnosis of appendicitis in children and adults? A meta-analysis. Radiology. 2006; 241 83-94
- 32 Obermaier R, Benz S, Asgharnia M et al. Value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: interesting aspects. Eur J Med Res. 2003; 8 451-456
- 33 van Randen A, Bipat S, Zwinderman A H et al. Acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of CT and graded compression US related to prevalence of disease. Radiology. 2008; 249 97-106
- 34 Cobben L, Groot I, Kingma L et al. A simple MRI protocol in patients with clinically suspected appendicitis: results in 138 patients and effect on outcome of appendectomy. Eur Radiol. 2009; 19 1175-1183
- 35 Hermanek P. Jahresauswertung 2007, Modul 12 / 2. Bayerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Qualitätssicherung in der stationären Versorgung. Appendektomie. 2007;
- 36 Faiz O, Clark J, Brown T et al. Traditional and laparoscopic appendectomy in adults: outcomes in English NHS hospitals between 1996 and 2006. Ann Surg. 2008; 248 800-806
- 37 Guller U, Hervey S, Purves H et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: outcomes comparison based on a large administrative database. Ann Surg. 2004; 239 43-52
- 38 Guller U, Jain N, Curtis L H et al. Insurance status and race represent independent predictors of undergoing laparoscopic surgery for appendicitis: secondary data analysis of 145 546 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2004; 199 567-575
- 39 Sporn E, Petroski G F, Mancini G J et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy – is it worth the cost? Trend analysis in the US from 2000 to 2005. J Am Coll Surg. 2009; 208 179-185
- 40 Sadr-Azodi O, Andren-Sandberg A. The quality of randomized clinical trials in the field of surgery: studies on laparoscopic versus open appendectomy as an example. Dig Surg. 2009; 26 351-357
- 41 Sauerland S, Lefering R, Neugebauer E A. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; CD001546
- 42 Aziz O, Athanasiou T, Tekkis P P et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2006; 243 17-27
- 43 Kazemier G, in’t Hof K H, Saad S et al. Securing the appendiceal stump in laparoscopic appendectomy: evidence for routine stapling?. Surg Endosc. 2006; 20 1473-1476
- 44 Beldi G, Vorburger S A, Bruegger L E et al. Analysis of stapling versus endoloops in appendiceal stump closure. Br J Surg. 2006; 93 1390-1393
- 45 Koch A, Zippel R, Marusch F et al. Prospective multicenter study of antibiotic prophylaxis in operative treatment of appendicitis. Dig Surg. 2000; 17 370-378
- 46 Malik A A, Bari S U. Conservative management of acute appendicitis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009; 13 966-970
Dr. M. Sahm
DRK Kliniken Berlin|Köpenick · Klinik für Chirurgie
Salvador-Allende-Str. 2–8
12559 Berlin
Deutschland
Telefon: 0 30 / 30 35 33 17
Fax: 0 30 / 30 35 33 28
eMail: m.sahm@drk-kliniken-berlin.de