J Knee Surg 2006; 19(3): 159-167
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248100
Original Article

© 2006 Thieme Medical Publishers

Evaluation of Small Intestinal Submucosa Grafts for Meniscal Regeneration in a Clinically Relevant Posterior Meniscectomy Model in Dogs

James L. Cook1 , Derek B. Fox1 , Prasanna Malaviya2 , James L. Tomlinson1 , Jack Farr3 , Keiichi Kuroki1 , Cristi Reeves Cook1
  • 1The Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo
  • 2DePuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, Ind
  • 3OrthoIndy, Indianapolis, Ind
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
25 January 2010 (online)

ABSTRACT

Large meniscal defects are a common problem for which treatment options are limited. Successful meniscal regeneration has been achieved by using grafts of small intestinal submucosa in posterior, vascular meniscal defects in a dog model. This study investigates the long-term effects of a tibial tunnel fixation technique and a clinically based meniscectomy defect on meniscal regeneration using this model. Eight mongrel dogs underwent medial arthrotomy and partial meniscectomy. The dogs were divided into groups based on defect treatment: small intestinal submucosa (n=4) or meniscectomy (n=4). Dogs were scored for lameness by subjective scoring postoperatively, sacrificed at 6 months, and assessed for articular cartilage damage, gross and histologic appearance of the operated meniscus, amount of new tissue in the defect, and relative compressive stiffness of articular cartilage.

Dogs in the meniscectomy group were significantly (P=.002) more lame than dogs treated with small intestinal submucosa. Small intestinal submucosa-treated joints had significantly (P=.01) less articular cartilage damage than meniscectomy joints. Small intestinal submucosa meniscal implants resulted in production of meniscal-like replacement tissue, which was consistently superior to meniscectomy in amount, type, and integration of new tissue, chondroprotection, and limb function during the study period. Small intestinal submucosa implants may be useful for treatment of large posterior vascular meniscal defects in humans. The tibial tunnel technique used for fixation may have clinical advantages and therefore warrants further investigation.