Grasendophyten in Lolium und Festuca – Gifte, Symptome und Gegenmaßnahmen

Key words

horse - intoxication - Festuca-Lolium complex - endophyte - Neotyphodium

Literatur

• 1 Abney L K, Oliver J W, Reinemeyer C R. Vasoconstrictive effects of tall fescue alkaloids on equine vasculature.  J Equine Vet Sci. 1993;  13 334-340
• 2 Aldrich-Markham S, Pirelli G. Endophyte toxins in grass seed fields and straw – effects on livestock. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Extension Service Publication; 1995
• 3 Arthur K A. Pentobarbital sleep time in mouse lines selected for resistance and susceptibility to fescue toxicosis. Master of Science Thesis. Blacksburg, VA, USA: Virginia Polytechnic Inst and State University; 2002: 43
• 4 Ball O J P, Tapper B A. The production of ioline alkaloids in artifical and natural grass/endophyte associations. In: Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference 1999: 264 – 269. 
• 5 Bohnert D W, Merrill M L. Management strategies for use of high-alkaloid grass seed straw. Vancouver, Canada; Official Proceedings Forty-First Annual Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference and Virtus Nutrition Pre-Conference October.3–5.2006
• 6 Bourke C A, Hunt E, Watson R. Fescue-associated oedema of horses grazing on endophyte-inoculated tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) pastures.  Aus Vet J. 2009;  87 492-498
• 7 Burnett V. Grasses for dryland dairying tall fescue: species and cultivars. Rutherglen, Victoria; State of Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, Agriculture Notes 2006
• 8 Cheplik G P, Faeth S H. Ecology and evolution of the grass-endophyte symbiosis.. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009: 241
• 9 Cooper N, Collier L. Alpaca articles: rye grass staggers (2006). Im Internet:. http://www.alpacasnz.co.nz./articles-ryegrass-staggers.htm Stand: 31.07.2007
• 10 Craven K D, Schardl C L. Tall fescue – systematics and morphology.. Tall fescue information system: Tall fescue book on-line.. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University; 2003
• 11 Cross D L. Fescue toxicosis in horses.. Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions.. New York: Plenum Press; 1997: 289-309
• 12 Cross D L, Anas K, Bridges W C, Chappell J H. Clinical effects of domperidone on fescue toxicosis in pregnant mares.  AAEP Proceedings. 1999;  45 203-206
• 13 DeLorme M J M, Lodge-Ivey S L, Craig A M. Physiological and digestive effects of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue fed to lambs.  J Anim Sci. 2007;  85 1199-1206
• 14 Dobrindt L, Alkhedir H, Hahn H, Vida S. Do aphids serve as vectors for systemic grass endophytes? Göttingen: Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie, Georg-August-Universität; 16. – 19.03.2009. 
• 15 Duringer J. Forage-related animal disorders: service-endopyte testing laboratory (2007). Im Internet:. http://forages/oregonstate.edu/css310/default.cfm?PageID=7 Stand: 31.07.2007
• 16 Duringer J. Forage-related animal disorders: fate and metabolism of plant toxins in livestock (2007). Im Internet:. http://forages/oregonstate.edu/css310/default.cfm?PageID=7 Stand: 31.07.2007
• 17 Fink-Gremmels J. Schimmelpilze und Mykotoxine beim Pferd. Waltrop: Symposium, Fa. PerNaturam; 03. 07. 2010. 
• 18 Forage Focus .Understanding endophytes. Wrightson Seeds, Christchurch, New Zealand; 2007: No.5
• 19 Friesen G. Endophytes in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue straw. Crops Knowledge Centre, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and rural initiatives, Kanada 2006 http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/forages/bje01s02.html Stand: 31.07.2007
• 20 Hapke H-J. Toxikologie für Veterinärmediziner.. Stuttgart: Enke; 1975
• 21 Hopkins A A, Saha M C, Wang Z-Y. Tall fescue breeding, genetics and cultivars. Fribourg HA, ed. The tall fescue on-line Monograph. 2007 http://forages.oregonstate.edu/is/tfis/book.cfm?pageID=124
• 22 Hoveland C S. The fescue toxicosis story – an update. Beef improvement. Lexington, KY; Federation Annual Meeting Proceedings May.29.2003 http://www.beefimprovement.org/proceedings/03proceedings/Hoveland.pdf
• 23 Hoveland C S. Origin and history: Tall fescue on-line book. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/is/tfis/book/tf21c/origin-and-history.pdf (initial posting date: 15.07.2005; last revision: 29.10.2007)
• 24 Hovermale J T, Craig A M. Correlation of ergovaline and lolitrem B levels in endophyte-infected perennial ryegras (Lolium perenne).  J Vet Diagn Invest. 2001;  13 323-327
• 25 Huwig A, Freimund S, Käppeli O, Dutler H. Mycotoxin detoxication of animal feed by different absorbents.  Toxicology Letters. 2001;  122 179-188
• 26 Kennington L. Managing the effect of alkaloid toxicity in range cattle. CHS Nutrition; 2003 http://www.chsnutrition.com/publications/animal_healthy/articles_alkaloid_toxicity.htm Stand: 11.08.2007
• 27 Konrad F-M. Haustierkrankheiten. BI-Lexikon.. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut; 1987
• 28 Lenuweit U, Gharadjedaghi B, Süßer M, Blew J, Ridder S. Biologische Basisdaten zu Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca pratensis und Trifolium repens. – Umweltbundesamt 2002, Texte 08/02,. http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/uba-info-medien/dateien/2103.htm Stand: 2001.
• 29 Lezica F P, Filip R, Gorzalczany S, Ferraro G, de Erausquina G A, Riva C, Ladaga G J B. Prevalence of ergot derivatives in natural ryegrass pastures: detection and pathogenicity in the horse.  Theriogenology. 2009;  71 422-431
• 30 McCluskey B, Traub-Dargatz J, Garber L, Ross F. Survey of endophyte infection and its associated toxin in pastures grazed by horses.  AAEP Proceedings. 1999;  45 213-216
• 31 McLeay L M, Smith B L, Reynolds G W. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and body temperature responses of sheep to the ergopeptides ergotamine and ergovaline.  Am J Vet Res. 2002;  63 387-393
• 32 McLeay L M, Smith B L. Effects of ergotamine and ergovaline on the electromyographic activity of smooth muscle of the reticulum and rumen of sheep.  Am J Vet Res. 2006;  67 707-714
• 33 Miyazaki S, Ishizaki I, Ishizaka M, Kanbara T, Ishiguro-Takeda Y. Lolitrem B residues in fat tissues of cattle consuming endophyte-infected perennial ryegras straw.  J Vet Diagn Invest. 2004;  16 340-342
• 34 Mühle E, Breuel K. Das Mutterkorn – Ein Gräserparasit als Gift- und Heilpflanze.. Hohenwarsleben: Westarp Wissenschaften (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei); 1977: 50
• 35 Müller C, Krauss J. Symbiosis between grasses and asexual fungal endophytes.  Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2005;  8 450-456
• 36 Munday B L, Monkhouse I M, Gallagher R T. Intoxication of horses by lolitrem B in ryegras seed cleanings.  Aust Vet J. 1985;  62 207
• 37 Parsons C, Bohnert D. Health concerns with feeding grass-seed strow residues. Western Beef Committee. Corvallis; Cattle Producer's Library, Animal Health Section 2003: CL626.1-CL626.4
• 38 Paul V H. Dienstleistung im Verborgenen. Biologische Gegenspieler in Gräsern und ihre praktischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten.  Forschungsforum Paderborn. 2000;  3 46-50 http://www.uni-paderborn.de/ffp/ffp2000.pdf
• 39 Poole D P, Littler R A, Smith B L, McLeay L M. Effects and mechanisms of action of the ergopeptides ergotamine and ergovaline and the effects of peramine on reticulum mobility of sheep.  Am J Vet Res. 2009;  70 270-276
• 40 Putnam M R, Bransby D I, Schumacher J. Effects of the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum in fescue of pregnant mares and foal viability.  Am J Vet Res. 1991;  52 2071-2074
• 41 Reed K. Perennial ryegrass staggers/ill thrift. Hamilton: State of Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, Agriculture Notes; 1999a: AG0700
• 42 Reed K. Toxins in endophyte infected perennial grasses. Hamilton: State of Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, Agriculture Notes; 1999b: AG0863
• 43 Reed K. The significance of the ryegrass endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, in Victorian pasture. In: Plant toxins and their effects on animal welfare. Animal Walfare Centre Scientists' Meeting, 17th May 2002, Victorian Inst. of Animal Science, Mickleham Road Attwood, Victoria. http://www.animalwelfare.net.au/comm/download/abs02.html
• 44 Reinholz J. Analytische Untersuchungen zu den Alkaloiden Lolitrem B und Paxillin von Neotyphodium lolii und Lolium perenne, in vivo und in vitro. Paderborn; Diss. Uni. Paderborn 2000 http://ubdata.uni-paderborn.de/ediss/13/2000/reinholz/reinholz.pdf
• 45 Roberts C, Kallenbach R, Hill N. Harvest and storage method affects ergot alkaloid concentration in tall fescue. Plant Management Network (17.09.2002). Im Internet:. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/cm/brief/toxicfescue/ Stand: 06.07.2008
• 46 Rohrbach B W, Green E M, Oliver J W, Schneider J F. Aggregate risk studie of exposure to endophyte-infected (Acremonium coenophialum) tall fescue as a risk factor for laminitis in horses.  Am J Vet Res. 1995;  56 22-26
• 47 Schultz C L, Bush L P. The potential role of ergot alkaloids in mare reproductive loss syndrome.. Session 5: MRLS and associated syndromes: toxicological hypotheses.. Lexington: University of Kentucky; 2003: 60-63 http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/sr/sr2003-1/SR2003-1_s5.pdf
• 48 Schultz C L, Lodge-Ivey S L, Bush L P, Craig A M. Effects of initial and subacute exposure to an endophyte-infected tall fescue seed diet on faecal and urine concentrations of ergovaline and lysergic acid in mature geldings.  New Zealand Vet J. 2006;  54 178-184
• 49 Smith S R, Schwer L, Keene T C. Tall fescue toxicity for horses: literature review and Kentucky's successful pasture evaluation program. Plant Management Network: Forage and grazinglands (02.11.2009). Im Internet:. http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage/13%2520Tall%2520Fescue%2520Toxicity%2520for%2520Horses%2520Lit%2520Review%2520and%2520KYŽs%2520PE%2520Program.pdf Stand: 23.7.2010
• 50 Strickland J R, Spiers D, Fletcher L, Oliver J, Aiken G. Chapter 8: Physiological basis of fescue toxicosis. In: The tall fescue on-line monograph 2007. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/is/tfis/default.cfm Stand: 06.07.2008
• 51 Stuedemann J A, Hill N S, Thompson F N, Fayrer-Hosken R A, Hay W P, Dawe D L, Seman D H, Martin S A. Urinary and biliary excretion of ergot alkaloids from steers that grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue.  J Anim Sci. 1998;  76 2146-2154
• 52 Thompson F N, Stuedemann J A, Hill N S. Anti-quality factors associated with alkaloids in eastern temperate pasture.  J Range Manage. 2001;  54 474-489
• 53 Vanselow R. Giftige Gräser auf Pferdeweiden. Endophyten und Fruktane – Risiken für die Tiergesundheit. 2. überarb. Aufl. NBB Kompakt Bd. 1.. Hohenwarsleben: Westarp Wissenschaften (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei); 2008: 50
• 54 Vanselow R. Rehegefahr aus dem Gras durch giftige Resistenzen.  Tierärztl Umschau. 2008;  63 457-458
• 55 van Zijll de Jong E, Bannan N R, Batley J, Guthridge K M, Spangenberg G C, Smith K, Forster J W. Genetic diversity in the perennial ryegrass fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii.  Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf. 2004;  11 155-164
• 56 Yoder C, Fournier B. Survey of endophytes in grass seed crops in the peace region 2002). Im Internet:. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/for1355 Stand: 31.07.2007