Charakterisierung von Gedächtnisauffälligkeiten bei Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) zeigen im Alltag häufig Schwierigkeiten, Informationen verlässlich abzuspeichern und abzurufen. Zu den Gedächtnisproblemen bei ADHS könnten zum einem Defizite in der Gedächtnisorganisation zum anderen eine zu geringe Verfügbarkeit von Dopamin zum Zeitpunkt der Enkodierung beitragen. In eigenen Studien wurde anhand verschiedener Methoden (fMRT, EEG) überprüft, in welcher Art und Weise Enkodierungsprozesse und ihre neurobiologischen Korrelate bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ADHS verändert sind. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass gerade bei wenig involvierenden Reizen Veränderungen in enkodierungs-assoziierten Aktivierungsmustern bestehen, während emotionale Reize elektrophysiologische und hämodynamische Parameter normalisieren können. Insgesamt deuten unsere Befunde darauf hin, dass Gedächtnisprobleme bei ADHS durch ein Zusammenspiel exekutiver und basaler Enkodierungsfunktionen entstehen.

Abstract

Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have difficulties to reliably store and retrieve information. Memory problems in ADHD are thought to be related to deficits in memory organisation, but could also be associated with a reduced availability of dopamine at the time of encoding. We investigated with different methods (fMRI, EEG) how encoding processes and their neurobiological correlates are affected in children and adolescents with ADHD. Our results show that encoding-related activity is particularly altered in ADHD when stimuli of low salience are used. Emotional stimuli, on the other hand, can actually normalise electrophysiological and haemodynamic correlates of encoding. Overall, our findings suggest that memory problems in ADHD are caused by an interaction of executive and basal encoding mechanisms.

Schlüsselwörter

ADHS - Gedächtnis - Reizbedeutsamkeit - fMRT - ERP

Key words

ADHD - memory - salience - fMRI - ERP

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