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Semin Thromb Hemost 2010; 36(4): 367-377
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1254046
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Infectious Disease

Marcel Levi1 , Marcus Schultz2 , Tom van der Poll1 , 3 , 4
  • 1Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 2Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 3Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 4Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
07 July 2010 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Severe infection and inflammation almost invariably lead to hemostatic abnormalities, ranging from insignificant laboratory changes to severe disseminated intravascular coagulation. Systemic inflammation as a result of severe infection leads to activation of coagulation, due to tissue factor–mediated thrombin generation, downregulation of physiological anticoagulant mechanisms, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Proinflammatory cytokines play a central role in the differential effects on the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways. Vice versa, activation of the coagulation system may importantly affect inflammatory responses by direct and indirect mechanisms. Apart from the general coagulation response to inflammation associated with severe infection, specific infections may cause distinct features, such as hemorrhagic fever or thrombotic microangiopathy. The relevance of the cross-talk between inflammation and coagulation is underlined by the results of the treatment of severe systemic infection with modulators of coagulation and inflammation.

KEYWORDS

Disseminated intravascular coagulation - infection - inflammation - cytokines - tissue factor - antithrombin - protein C - fibrinolysis

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Marcel LeviM.D. 

Department Internal Medicine (F-4), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam

Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Email: m.m.levi@amc.uva.nl