Intensivmedizinisches Reizumfeld und Stressoren – welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die Gehirnentwicklung frühgeborener Kinder?

Zusammenfassung

Das sich entwickelnde Gehirn des Frühgeborenen reagiert sehr empfindlich auf Stimuli. Welche Auswirkungen haben die multiplen Stressoren während der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung auf die Prozesse der Synaptogenese und Apoptose, auf Neuritenwachstum, Gliaproliferation und neuronale Differenzierung? Inwiefern können bereits kleinste Veränderungen im neuronalen Netzwerk des sich entwickelnden Kortex zu Teilleistungs- und Verhaltensstörungen führen, die einen hohen Prozentsatz der frühgeborenen Kinder betreffen? Lässt sich die neurologische Langzeitprognose dieser Kinder früher Gestationswochen durch individuelle, entwicklungsfördernde Betreuung verbessern? Zu diesen Fragen werden die Ergebnisse zahlreicher Studien diskutiert.

Abstract

What effect do the various stressing stimuli in a neonatal intensive care unit have on the very sensitive process of synaptogenesis and apoptosis, dendritic growth and neuronal differentiation? To what degree can even minimal changes in the neuronal network of the developing cortex lead to behavioural disorders? And is there any possibility to improve the long term outcome of preterm infants by offering special support within the framework of individualized developmental care? This article combines the results of several studies and discovers interactions to illustrate the complexity and vulnerability of the developing human brain and to discuss the potential benefit of individualized developmental care interventions.

Schlüsselwörter

Frühgeborene - Stress - Gehirnentwicklung - entwicklungsfördernde Pflege

Key words

preterm infants - stress - brain development - developmental care

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Hinweis:
Dieser Artikel wurde gemäß folgendem Erratum vom 04.10.2010 geändert.

Erratum:
Dieser Beitrag hat eine falsche paginierung. Er ist nun korrigiert und beginnt mit 236.

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