Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the prophylactic use
of probiotics in preterm infants aimed at reducing the rate of necrotising enterocolitis
(NEC). There are 4 meta-analyses on this subject. 2 more RCTs have been published
since these meta-analyses were completed. Each meta-analysis, as well as the 2 recent
RCTs, document reduced rates of NEC and mortality with the use of prophylactic probiotics.
We calculated meta-analyses based on 3 approaches: A – RCTs common to all meta-analyses,
B – RCTs ever accounted for in a meta-analysis but not common to all, and C – the
2 recent RCTs. The 3 subgroups yield similar results, with an overall reduction in
the relative risk (RR) of NEC (Bell ≥2) to 0.35 (95% CI 0.23–0.55) and of mortality
to 0.41 (0.28–0.60). NEC rates and mortalities in the dominant RCTs are in the range
reported from North American and European networks. Best results appear to be achieved
with probiotics based on 2 or more probiotic species and/or with a combination of
Bifidusbacterium spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus. No unwanted side effects have
been reported among 1 117 infants randomized to receive probiotics. We conclude that
probiotics are safe and beneficial in preterm infants at risk for NEC.
Zusammenfassung
Mehrere randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCT) haben untersucht, ob die vorbeugende
Gabe von Probiotika die Inzidenz der nekrotisierenden Enterokolitis (NEC) Frühgeborener
senkt. In 4 Metaanalysen und den 2 jüngsten RCT ist die Reduktion von NEC-Inzidenz
und Mortalität durch prophylaktische Probiotikagabe beschrieben. Wir haben die RCT
in 3 Ansätzen analysiert: A – die RCT, die in allen Metaanalysen eingeschlossen waren,
B – die RCT die in mindestens einer Metaanalyse berücksichtigt wurden, aber nicht
in allen, und C – die 2 jüngsten RCT. Es zeigten sich ähnliche Ergebnisse mit einer
Reduktion des relativen Risikos (RR) für die NEC (Bell-Stadium ≥2) auf 0,35 (95% CI
0,23–0,55) und für die Mortalität auf 0,41 (0,28–0,60), wie es aus nordamerikanischen
und europäischen Netzwerken bekannt ist. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden in RCT erzielt,
die mehr als einen Keim, meist eine Kombination aus Bifidusbacterium spp. und Lactobacillus
acidophilus verwendeten. Bei keinem der 1 117 mit Probiotika behandelten Frühgeborenen
wurden unerwünschte Wirkungen beschrieben. Wir folgern aus den analysierten Daten,
dass Probiotika für Frühgeborene mit einem Risiko für NEC sicher und nützlich sind.
Key words
probiotics - necrotizing enterocolitis - VLBW - meta-analysis - mortality
Probiotika - nekrotisierende Enterokolitis - VLBW - Metaanalyse - Mortalität
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Correspondence
Dr. Florian Guthmann
Charité Universitätsmedizin
Berlin
Klinik für Neonatologie
10098 Berlin
Germany
Phone: +49/30/45061 6063
Fax: +49/30/45051 6921
Email: florian.guthmann@charite.de