Selbstverletzendes Verhalten: Merkmale, Diagnostik und Risikofaktoren

Zusammenfassung

Psychotherapeuten und Psychiater werden in ihrer Tätigkeit häufig mit Patienten konfrontiert, die Selbstverletzungen aufweisen. Eine spezifische Form von Selbstschädigungen stellt das nichtsuizidale, selbstverletzende Verhalten dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag zielt darauf ab, einen aktuellen Überblick über wesentliche Aspekte des Phänomens des selbstverletzenden Verhaltens zu geben. Es wurde eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche u.a. in den Datenbanken Medline und ISI Web of Knowledge durchgeführt. Dabei wurde insbesondere nach aktuellen Arbeiten gesucht. Obwohl eine Vielzahl an Publikationen vorliegt, die einen umfassenden Überblick gestatten, sind wichtige Aspekte immer noch nicht geklärt. So stellt sich die Frage, ob selbstverletzendes Verhalten ein eigenes Störungsbild rechtfertigt und ob es eine Vorläuferstörung für schwere psychische Störungen darstellt, wie vermutet wird.

Abstract

Psychotherapists and psychiatrists are often confronted with patients suffering from self-inflicted injuries. A specific form of self-inflicted physical injury is nonsuicidal self-injury. This article aims at giving an overview of the phenomena of self-injury behavior. Extensive literature research was carried out in the databanks Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge and especially, current literature was the main feature of interest. Although there are numerous publications giving a broad overview, however, important aspects have not yet been clarified. The question arises whether self-injury behavior can be regarded as an independent syndrome or if it is, as assumed, a precursor for severe mental disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

selbstverletzendes Verhalten - Prävalenz - Diagnostik - Funktionen - Risikofaktoren

Key words

nonsuicidal self-injury - prevalence - assessment - functions - risk factors

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