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Synlett 2010(19): 2908-2912  
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1259041
LETTER
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York

Silica-Supported KHSO4: An Efficient System for Activation of Aromatic Terminal Olefins

Ram Nath Das, Kuladip Sarma, Madan Gopal Pathak, Amrit Goswami*
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Division, North-East Institute of Science & Technology (A Constituent Establishment of CSIR, New Delhi), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
Fax: +91(376)2370011; e-Mail: amritg_2007@rediffmail.com;
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Publication History

Received 21 July 2010
Publication Date:
10 November 2010 (online)

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Abstract

Potassium hydrogen sulfate adsorbed on chromatography-grade silica gel activates electron-rich aromatic terminal olefins towards nucleophilic attack at the benzylic position by alcohols. Temperature plays a crucial role and facilitates suppressing nucleophilic reaction in favor of dimerization of the terminal olefin.

Key words

alkenes - alkoxylation - dimerization - potassium hydrogen sulfate - silica gel

    References and Notes

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    Catalyst Preparation: KHSO4 (20 g, 144 mmol) was dissolved in distilled H2O (100 mL) and silica gel (25 g, 60-120 mesh) was added. The soaked mixture was thoroughly mixed and dried in a hot oven at 150 ˚C for 24 h to give a free flowing powdery solid. The dried solid mixture was then stored in a vacuum desiccator.

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    Typical Experimental Procedure for Alkoxylation:
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    7 × ArH). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3; Me4Si): δ = 24.2 (CH3CHOCH2), 28.1, 29.6, 35.8, 55.3 (4 × CH2), 68.3 (CH3 CHOCH2), 113.8 (OCH3), 125.7, 127.4, 128.3, 128.5, 136.2, 142.6, 158.9 (12 × ArC). MS: m/z (EI) = 284 [M+]. Anal. Calcd for C19H24O2: C, 80.28; H, 8.45. Found: C, 80.32; H, 8.41.

  • 20c

    Typical Procedure for Dimerization: A solution of 4-methoxystyrene (1 g, 7.5 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added slowly to a round-bottomed flask containing KHSO4-SiO2 (100 mg) in toluene (10 mL). The mixture was then stirred for 3 h at 115 ˚C to give the head-to-tail dimmer, 1,3-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-butene (0.65 g, 65%) as a semi-liquid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3; Me4Si): δ = 1.40 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3 H, CH 3CH), 3.56 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 1 H, CH3CHCH), 3.79 (s, 6 H, 2 × PhOCH 3), 6.23-6.36 (m, 2 H, CH=CH), 6.80-6.87 (m, 4 H, 4 × ArH), 7.17-7.29 (m, 4 H, 4 × ArH). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3; Me4Si): δ = 21.5 (CH3CH), 41.7 (CH3 CH), 55.3 (2 × OCH3), 113.9 (2 × ArC), 127.3, 127.6 (2 × CH=CH), 127.8, 128.2, 128.4, 129.9, 130.5, 133.5, 138.0, 157.9, 158.8 (10 × ArC). MS: m/z = (EI) 268 [M+]. Anal. Calcd for C18H20O2: C, 80.59; H, 7.46. Found: C, 80.54; H, 7.49.

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