RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1260038
Amino Acid Catalysed Aldol Reactions in Cyclic Carbonate Solvents
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
10. Mai 2011 (online)

Abstract
Ethylene and propylene carbonates are shown to be alternative polar aprotic solvents for cross-aldol reactions catalysed by the primary amino acids (S)-phenylalanine and (S)-tryptophan. In contrast to the corresponding proline-catalysed reactions, both enantiomers of these naturally occurring, primary amino acids are available at low cost. The optimal catalyst and solvent combination needs to be determined on a substrate by substrate basis.
Key words
aldol reaction - amino acids - asymmetric catalysis - green chemistry - cyclic carbonate
- Supporting Information for this article is available online:
- Supporting Information
- 1a
Pellissier H. Tetrahedron 2007, 63: 9267MissingFormLabel - 1b
Gaunt MJ.Johansson CCC.McNally A.Vo NT. Drug Discovery Today 2007, 12: 8MissingFormLabel - 1c
Dondoni A.Massi A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 4638MissingFormLabel - 1d
Melchiorre P.Marigo M.Carlone A.Bartoli G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 6138MissingFormLabel - 1e
Pellissier H. Recent Developments in Asymmetric Organocatalysis RSC Publishing; Cambridge: 2010.MissingFormLabel - 2a
List B. Synlett 2001, 1675MissingFormLabel - 2b
Gröger H.Wilken J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40: 529MissingFormLabel - 2c
List B. Tetrahedron 2002, 58: 5573MissingFormLabel - 2d
Jarvo ER.Miller SJ. Tetrahedron 2002, 58: 2481MissingFormLabel - 2e
List B. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37: 548MissingFormLabel - 2f
Kazmaier U. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 2186MissingFormLabel - Proline is also widely used as a chiral reagent and chiral auxiliary. For examples, see:
- 3a
Belokon YN.Bulychev AG.Vitt SV.Struchkov YT.Batsanov AS.Timofeeva TV.Tsyryapkin VA.Ryzhov MG.Lysova LA.Bakhmutov VI.Belikov VM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107: 4252MissingFormLabel - 3b
North M.Zagotto G. Synlett 1995, 639MissingFormLabel - 3c
Albers T.Biagini SCG.Hibbs DE.Hursthouse MB.Malik KMA.North M.Uriarte E.Zagotto G. Synthesis 1996, 393MissingFormLabel - 5
Constable DJC.Dunn PJ.Hayler JD.Humphrey GR.Leazer JL.Linderman RJ.Lorenz K.Manley J.Pearlman BA.Wells A.Zaksh A.Zhang TY. Green Chem. 2007, 9: 411 - 6a
Rodríguez B.Rantanen T.Bolm C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 46: 6924MissingFormLabel - 6b
Rodríguez B.Bruckmann A.Bolm C. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13: 4710MissingFormLabel - 7a
Brogan AP.Dickerson TJ.Janda KD. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 8100MissingFormLabel - 7b
Gruttadauria M.Giacalone F.Noto R. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351: 33MissingFormLabel - 8
Toma Š.Mečiarova M.Šebesta R. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 321 - 9a
Blackmond DG.Armstrong A.Coombe V.Wells A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 3798MissingFormLabel - 9b
Wu B.Liu W.Zhang Y.Wang H. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15: 1804MissingFormLabel - 10
Zotova N.Franzke A.Armstrong A.Blackmond DG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 15100 - 11a
North M.Pizzato F.Villuendas P. ChemSusChem 2009, 2: 862MissingFormLabel - 11b
Clegg W.Harrington RW.North M.Pizzato F.Villuendas P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2010, 21: 1262MissingFormLabel - 11c
North M.Villuendas P. Org. Lett. 2010, 12: 2378MissingFormLabel - 12
Schäffner B.Schäffner F.Verevkin SP.Börner A. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110: 4554 - 13a
North M.Omedes-Pujol M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50: 4452MissingFormLabel - 13b
North M.Omedes-Pujol M. Belstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6: 1043MissingFormLabel - 14
Clements JH. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42: 663 - 15
Silva LB.Freitas LCG. J. Mol. Struct.: THEOCHEM 2007, 806: 23 - 16a
Yoshida M.Ihara M. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10: 2886MissingFormLabel - 16b
Dai W.-L.Luo S.-L.Yin S.-F.Au C.-T. Appl. Catal., A 2009, 366: 2MissingFormLabel - 16c
Sakakura T.Kohno K. Chem. Commun. 2009, 1312MissingFormLabel - 16d
North M.Pasquale R.Young C. Green Chem. 2010, 12: 1514MissingFormLabel - 16e
Ballivet-Tkatchenko D.Dibenedetto A. Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Carbonates, In Carbon Dioxide as Chemical FeedstockAresta M. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2010. p.169-212MissingFormLabel - 17a
Meléndez J.North M.Pasquale R. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2007, 3323MissingFormLabel - 17b
Meléndez J.North M.Pasquale R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 2946MissingFormLabel - 17c
Meléndez J.North M.Villuendas P. Chem. Commun. 2009, 2577MissingFormLabel - 17d
Clegg W.Harrington RW.North M.Pasquale R. Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16: 6828MissingFormLabel - 18
North M.Villuendas P.Young C. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 11454 - 19
Meléndez J.North M.Villuendas P.Young C. Dalton Trans. 2011, 40: 3885 - 20
Metcalfe IS.North M.Pasquale R.Thursfield A. Energy Environ. Sci. 2010, 3: 212 - 21a
Bassan A.Zou W.Reyes E.Himo F.Córdova A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 7028MissingFormLabel - 21b
Córdova A.Zou W.Ibrahem I.Reyes E.Engqvist M.Liao W.-W. Chem. Commun. 2005, 3586MissingFormLabel - 21c
Amedjkouh M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2005, 16: 1411MissingFormLabel - 21d
Dziedzic P.Zou W.Ibrahem I.Sundén H.Córdova A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47: 6657MissingFormLabel - 21e
Ramasastry SSV.Zhang H.Tanaka F.Barbas CF. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 288MissingFormLabel - 21f
Utsumi N.Imai M.Tanaka F.Ramasastry SSV.Barbas CF. Org. Lett. 2007, 9: 3445MissingFormLabel - 21g
Deng D.-S.Cai J. Helv. Chim. Acta 2007, 90: 114MissingFormLabel - 21h
Nozière B.Córdova A. J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112: 2827MissingFormLabel - 21i
Markert M.Scheffler U.Mahrwald R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131: 16642MissingFormLabel - 21j
Chen A.Xu J.Chiang W.Chai CLL. Tetrahedron 2010, 66: 1489MissingFormLabel - 22a
Jiang Z.Liang Z.Wu X.Lu Y. Chem. Commun. 2006, 2801MissingFormLabel - 22b
Amedjkouh M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2007, 18: 390MissingFormLabel - 22c
Jiang Z.Yang H.Han X.Luo J.Wong MW.Lu Y. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8: 1368MissingFormLabel - 23a
Zhang D.Yuan C. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 2480MissingFormLabel - 23b
Ramachary DB.Sakthidevi R. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15: 4516MissingFormLabel - 24
Billimora JD. J. Chem. Soc. 1955, 1126
References
The current UK Aldrich catalogue price for (S)-proline is £ 0.31/g whilst the cost of (R)-proline is £ 13.32/g (prices based on the largest available quantities). In contrast, the S-enantiomers of phenylalanine and tryptophan are available for £ 0.28/g and £ 0.54/g, respectively and the R-enantiomers are available for £ 2.53/g and £ 2.11/g, respectively. Thus, (R)-proline is 43 times more expensive than (S)-proline, whereas (R)-phenylalanine is only 9 times as expensive as (S)-phenylalanine and (R)-tryptophan is only 4 times as expensive as (S)-tryptophan.