Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1262328
Verifying Frequency-Modulated System Performance: It's The Right Thing to Do
Publication History
Publication Date:
08 September 2010 (online)
ABSTRACT
Frequency-modulated (FM) systems provide a means of overcoming negative effects of noise, distance, and reverberation, improving communication access for children with hearing loss and/or special listening needs. These systems may be worn alone at the ear or coupled to hearing aids or cochlear implants. Technology in all these devices continues to advance at an astonishing rate. With these advances, there continues to be a need for careful verification of the entire amplification system's performance. The overall goal of verification is to confirm that the entire amplification system is set and functioning as intended. This article addresses current recommended practices for FM system verification for a variety of FM coupling options.
KEYWORDS
FM systems - hearing aids - cochlear implants - verification
REFERENCES
- 1 Finitzo-Hieber T, Tillman T W. Room acoustics effects on monosyllabic word discrimination ability for normal and hearing-impaired children. J Speech Hear Res. 1978; 21 440-458
- 2 Elliott L L. Performance of children aged 9 to 17 years on a test of speech intelligibility in noise using sentence material with controlled word predictability. J Acoust Soc Am. 1979; 66 651-653
- 3 Neuman A C, Hochberg I. Children's perception of speech in reverberation. J Acoust Soc Am. 1983; 73 2145-2149
- 4 Nittrouer S, Boothroyd A. Context effects in phoneme and word recognition by young children and older adults. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990; 87 2705-2715
- 5 Nozza R J, Rossman R N, Bond L C, Miller S L. Infant speech-sound discrimination in noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990; 87 339-350
- 6 Litovsky R. Developmental changes in the precedence effect: estimates of minimum audible angle. J Acoust Soc Am. 1997; 103 1739-1745
- 7 Fallon M, Trehub S E, Schneider B A. Children's perception of speech in multitalker babble. J Acoust Soc Am. 2000; 108 3023-3029
- 8 Fallon M, Trehub S E, Schneider B A. Children's use of semantic cues in degraded listening environments. J Acoust Soc Am. 2002; 111(5 Pt 1) 2242-2249
- 9 Johnson C E. Children's phoneme identification in reverberation and noise. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000; 43 144-157
- 10 Hall III J W, Grose J H, Buss E, Dev M B. Spondee recognition in a two-talker masker and a speech-shaped noise masker in adults and children. Ear Hear. 2002; 23 159-165
- 11 Jamieson D G, Kranjc G, Yu K, Hodgetts W E. Speech intelligibility of young school-aged children in the presence of real-life classroom noise. J Am Acad Audiol. 2004; 15 508-517
- 12 Bradley J S, Sato H. The intelligibility of speech in elementary school classrooms. J Acoust Soc Am. 2008; 123 2078-2086
- 13 Bess F H, Klee T, Culbertson J L. Identification, assessment, and management of children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear. 1986; 7 43-51
- 14 Crandell C C. Speech recognition in noise by children with minimal degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear. 1993; 14 210-216
- 15 Johnson C, Stein R, Broadway A, Markwalter T. “Minimal” high-frequency hearing loss and school-age children: speech recognition in a classroom. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 1997; 28 77-85
- 16 Nelson P, Kohnert K, Sabur S, Shaw D. Classroom noise and children learning through a second language: double jeopardy?. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2005; 36 219-229
- 17 Ross M, Giolas T G. Effect of three classroom listening conditions on speech intelligibility. Am Ann Deaf. 1971; 116 580-584
- 18 Zentall S S, Shaw J H. Effects of classroom noise on performance and activity of second-grade hyperactive and control children. J Educ Psychol. 1980; 72 830-840
- 19 Kenworthy O T, Klee T, Tharpe A M. Speech recognition ability of children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss as a function of amplification, speech stimuli and listening condition. Ear Hear. 1990; 11 264-270
- 20 Ruscetta M N, Arjmand E M, Pratt S R. Speech recognition abilities in noise for children with severe-to-profound unilateral hearing impairment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005; 69 771-779
- 21 Brady S, Shankweiler D, Mann V. Speech perception and memory coding in relation to reading ability. J Exp Child Psychol. 1983; 35 345-367
- 22 Bradley J S, Sato H. The intelligibility of speech in elementary school classrooms. J Acoust Soc Am. 2008; 123 2078-2086
- 23 American National Standards Institute .Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools [ANSI s12.60–2002]. New York, NY; Acoustical Society of America 2002
- 24 Picard M, Bradley J S. Revisiting speech interference in classrooms. Audiology. 2001; 40 221-244
- 25 Leavitt R, Flexer C. Speech degradation as measured by the Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI). Ear Hear. 1991; 12 115-118
- 26 Schafer E C, Wolfe J. Hearing assistance technology for children: candidacy and selection. Semin Hear. 2010; 31(3) 219-232
- 27 American Academy of Audiology .AAA Clinical Practice Guidelines: Remote microphone hearing assistance technologies for children and youth birth-21 years 2008. Available at: http://www.audiology.org/resources/documentlibrary/Documents/HATGuideline.pdf Accessed January 27, 2009
- 28 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . Guidelines for fitting and monitoring FM systems. ASHA. 1994; 36(Suppl 12) 1-9
- 29 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association .Guidelines for fitting and monitoring FM systems. Rockville, MD; ASHA Desk Reference 2002
-
30 Platz R.
SNR advantage, FM advantage and FM fitting . In: Fabry D, DeConde Johnson C ACCESS: Achieving Clear Communication Employing Sound Solutions, 2003. Proceedings of the First International FM Conference. Stafa, Switzerland; Phonak AG 2004: 147-154 - 31 Platz R. New insights and developments in verification of FM systems. Presented at: the American Academy of Audiology Convention; April 2006; Minneapolis, MN Available at: http://www.phonakpro.com/b2b/en/support/eschooldesk.resources.html Accessed July 7, 2010
- 32 Phonak .Phonak dynamic FM offset protocol (iPOP); 2009. Available at: http://www.phonakpro.com/b2b.en/support/eschooldesk.resources.html Accessed July 7, 2010
- 33 Hood J D, Poole J P. Influence of the speaker and other factors affecting speech intelligibility. Audiology. 1980; 19 434-455
- 34 Stach B. Word-recognition testing: why not do it well?. Hear J. 1998; 51(10) 10-16
Boys Town National Research Hospital
555 N. 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131
Email: leisha.eiten@boystown.org