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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1262523
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart ˙ New York
Das Optimult-Studienkonzept – Grundlage für selektiven Einsatz neoadjuvanter Radiochemotherapie auf MRT-Basis?
The Optimult Study Concept – Selective Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy Based on Preoperative MRI?Publication History
Publication Date:
30 August 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Optimale Chirurgie des Rektumkarzinoms im mittleren und unteren Rektumdrittel in Form der totalen mesorektalen Exzision reduziert die Lokalrezidivrate erheblich. Allerdings wurde gezeigt, dass diese Rate beim fortgeschrittenen Rektumkarzinom durch multimodale Therapiekonzepte weiter verbessert wird. In Deutschland ist derzeit die neoadjuvante Radiochemotherapie für diese Tumoren am verbreitetsten. Das klinische Staging mittels Endosonografie, CT und / oder MRT ist allerdings insbesondere hinsichtlich der Lymphknotenkategorie unsicher, woraus eine Übertherapie von einer erheblichen Anzahl von Patienten, basierend auf einem Overstaging, resultiert. Dies bedeutet, dass ein Teil der Patienten Nebenwirkungen und Langzeitfolgen der neoadjuvanten Therapie in Kauf nehmen muss, ohne dass damit ein onkologischer Gewinn verbunden ist. Die Prognose eines Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Rektumkarzinom hängt jedoch nicht nur von der T- und N-Kategorie ab, sondern auch vom Abstand des Tumors zum zirkumferenziellen Resektionsrand bei der pathologischen Beurteilung. Letzterer ist im Gegensatz zur T- und N-Kategorie prätherapeutisch sehr genau mittels MRT-Untersuchung vorherzusagen. Wenngleich in Fallserien gezeigt werden konnte, dass mit primärer optimaler Chirurgie bei freien zirkumferenziellen Resektionrändern im MRT niedrige Lokalrezidivraten erzielt werden können, wurde dieses Konzept bisher nicht in einer randomisierten Studie untersucht. Wir planen deshalb eine randomisierte zweiarmige Studie mit Patienten, deren Rektumkarzinom 2 mm oder mehr Abstand vom zirkumferenziellen Resektionsrand im MRT aufweist. Diese werden entweder primär operiert (Interventionsarm) oder neoadjuvant radiochemotherapiert mit anschließender Chirurgie (Kontrollarm). Falls sich im Interventionsarm Lokalrezidivraten nicht unterlegen denen im Kontrollarm zeigen ließen, würde diese Studie die Basis für ein individualisiertes Behandlungskonzept, basierend auf präoperativer MRT-Bildgebung, darstellen. Damit wäre eine Reduktion von Radiochemotherapien bei Patienten möglich, die davon keinen onkologischen Gewinn haben.
Abstract
Optimal surgery for rectal cancer, i. e., total mesorectal excision in the middle and lower rectum reduces local recurrence substantially. Multi-modal therapy further improves the rate of local recurrence in advanced rectal cancer. In Germany neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy is most frequently given for these tumours. However, clinical staging by endosonography, CT scan and / or MRI is unreliable, particulary as regards lymph node category, which entails overtreatment of a relevant number of patients secondary to overstaging. Thus, a subgroup of patients has to tolerate side effects and long-term sequelae of neoadjuvant therapy without having oncological benefit from this pretreatment. It is of note that the prognosis of patients with advanced rectal cancer depends not only on the T and N category but also on the free circumferential margin of the tumour as determined by pathological examination. In contrast to the T and N category, the latter may be predicted before treatment by pelvic MRI. While several case series demonstrated that low local recurrence rates are achieved in patients when preoperative MRI showed free circumferential margins, this concept was never tested in a randomised controlled trial. We, therefore, designed a two-armed randomised study with patients who suffer from rectal cancer and who have 2 mm or more free circumferential margins on their preoperative MRI. These patients are either operated without pretreatment (intervention arm) or receive neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy with subsequent surgery (control arm). If local recurrence in the intervention arm is not inferior to the control arm, this study may form the basis for an individualised therapeutic concept for rectal cancer based on preoperative MRI. Potentially, chemoradiation therapy may be avoided in the future for patients who will have no oncological benefit from this treatment modality.
Schlüsselwörter
Rektumkarzinom - Lokalrezidiv - Lebensqualität
Key words
rectal carcinoma / cancer - local recurrence of tumour growth - quality of life
Literatur
Der Artikel wurde geändert gemäß folgendem Erratum vom 13.10.2010:
Erratum
M. E. Kreis, T. Junginger, C. Rödel, V. Heinemann, K. Nikolaou, U. Mansmann, K. W. Jauch
Das Optimult-Studienkonzept – Grundlage für selektiven Einsatz neoadjuvanter Radiochemotherapie auf MRT-Basis?
Zentralbl Chir 2010; 135: 302–306
Der Artikel enthält Fehler in der Schreibweise zweier Autoren.
Der Name des einen Autors muss V. Heinemann lauten, nicht V. Heinemanne.
Der Name des anderen Autors muss K. Nikolaou lauten, nicht Konstantin N.
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Prof. Martin E. Kreis
Klinikum der Universität München · Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik
Marchioninistraße 15
81377 München
Deutschland
Phone: 0 89 / 70 95 65 61
Fax: 0 89 / 70 95 88 94
Email: martin.kreis@med.uni-muenchen.de