RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1263129
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Evidenz-basierte Medizin – Prinzipien und Bedeutung für die Plastische Chirurgie
Evidence-Based Medicine – Principles and Impact on Plastic SurgeryPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht 15.5.2010
akzeptiert 22.7.2010
Publikationsdatum:
02. September 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die zunehmende Bedeutung der Evidenz-basierten Medizin (EbM) hat als eine Ursache die immer lauter werdende Forderung nach rationalen Begründungen für das ärztliche Handeln. Es ist erkannt worden, dass lediglich 15–40 % medizinischer Entscheidungen eine solide wissenschaftliche Basis haben. Umso mehr ist dies von Bedeutung, da in Zeiten knapper finanzieller Ressourcen das Vergütungsverhalten für erbrachte ärztliche Leistungen immer mehr davon abhängen wird, wie „Evidenz-basiert” die jeweils durchgeführte Behandlung ist. Die Anwendung von EBM in der plastisch-chirurgischen Praxis ist keine Option mehr. Die Forderung nach Anwendung der besten Evidenz auf die jeweilige klinische Situation setzt jedoch ein Grundverständnis über die existierende Hierarchie hinsichtlich der Qualität von Studien voraus. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden Prinzipien der EBM vorgestellt, sowie die Bedeutung von randomisiert kontrollierten Studien und systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten für die plastische Chirurgie diskutiert. Die Qualität plastisch-chirurgischer Publikationen wird anhand von Ergebnissen systematischer Analysen vorgestellt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass die plastische Chirurgie die Zeichen der Zeit erkannt hat und zunehmend bestrebt ist, klinische Forschung mit höherem Evidenzlevel durchzuführen. Eine Verbesserung der Qualität der Berichterstattung von Studienergebnissen ist in diesem Rahmen jedoch unabdingbar.
Abstract
The increasing importance of evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the result of an increasing demand for a rational decision-making process in healthcare. It has been demonstrated that 15–40% of decisions made in healthcare do not have a solid scientific basis. This is particularly problematic in times of limited financial resources, when reimbursement increasingly depends on how “evidence-based” a particular treatment is. Application of EBM principles in plastic surgery is therefore no longer an option. This, however, requires a basic understanding of the existing levels of evidence. In the present article, principles of EBM will be presented. The importance of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews for plastic surgery will be highlighted along with a discussion of the quality of the plastic surgical literature based on results of recent systematic analyses. The plastic surgical community has appreciated the need for higher quality clinical studies. Improvement of the quality of reporting is, however, critical.
Schlüsselwörter
plastische Chirurgie - Evidenz-basierte Medizin - randomisiert kontrollierte Studien - systematische Übersichtsarbeiten
Key words
plastic surgery - evidence-based medicine - randomised controlled trials - systematic reviews
Literatur
- 1 Ellis J, Mulligan I, Rowe J. et al . Inpatient general medicine is evidence based. A-Team, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine. Lancet. 1995; 346 407-410
- 2 Hiatt H, Goldman L. Making medicine more scientific. Nature. 1994; 371 100
- 3 Antman EM, Lau J, Kupelnick B. et al . A comparison of results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts. Treatments for myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1992; 268 240-248
- 4 McCarthy CM, Collins ED, Pusic AL. Where do we find the best evidence?. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008; 122 1942-1947 ;discussion 1948–1951
- 5 Chung KC, Shauver MJ. Measuring quality in health care and its implications for pay-for-performance initiatives. Hand Clin. 2009; 25 71-81 , vii
- 6 Momeni A, Becker A, Antes G. et al . Evidence-based plastic surgery: controlled trials in three plastic surgical journals (1990 to 2005). Ann Plast Surg. 2009; 62 293-296
- 7 Becker A, Blumle A, Antes G. et al . Controlled trials in aesthetic plastic surgery: a 16-year analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008; 32 359-362
- 8 Momeni A, Becker A, Torio-Padron N. et al . Nipple reconstruction: evidence-based trials in the plastic surgical literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008; 32 18-20
- 9 Morain WD. Get random. Ann Plast Surg. 1995; 34 669-670
- 10 Chung KC, Swanson JA, Schmitz D. et al . Introducing evidence-based medicine to plastic and reconstructive surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009; 123 1385-1389
- 11 Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA. et al . Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ. 1996; 312 71-72
- 12 Antes G. [Evidence-based medicine]. Internist (Berl). 1998; 39 899-908
- 13 Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM. The need for evidence-based medicine. J R Soc Med. 1995; 88 620-624
- 14 Antes G, Sauerland S, Seiler CM. Evidence-based medicine – from best research evidence to a better surgical practice and health care. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2006; 391 61-67
- 15 Johnson RT, Dickersin K. Publication bias against negative results from clinical trials: three of the seven deadly sins. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007; 3 590-591
- 16 Kjaergard LL, Als-Nielsen B. Association between competing interests and authors’ conclusions: epidemiological study of randomised clinical trials published in the BMJ. BMJ. 2002; 325 249
- 17 Lexchin J, Bero LA, Djulbegovic B. et al . Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review. BMJ. 2003; 326 1167-1170
- 18 Bekelman JE, Li Y, Gross CP. Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003; 289 454-465
- 19 Momeni A, Becker A, Bannasch H. et al . Association between research sponsorship and study outcome in plastic surgery literature. Ann Plast Surg. 2009; 63 661-664
- 20 Margaliot Z, Chung KC. Systematic reviews: a primer for plastic surgery research. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007; 120 1834-1841
- 21 Burton M, Clarke M. Systematic reviews of surgical interventions. Surg Clin North Am. 2006; 86 101-114 , ix
- 22 Sauerland S, Lefering R, Neugebauer EA. The pros and cons of evidence-based surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 1999; 384 423-431
- 23 McCulloch P, Taylor I, Sasako M. et al . Randomised trials in surgery: problems and possible solutions. BMJ. 2002; 324 1448-1451
- 24 Haynes RB, Mukherjee J, Sackett DL. et al . Functional status changes following medical or surgical treatment for cerebral ischemia. Results of the extracranial-intracranial bypass study. JAMA. 1987; 257 2043-2046
-
25
Gunst J, Van den Berghe G.
Blood glucose control in the intensive care unit: benefits and risks.
Semin Dial.
23
157-162
- 26 Solomon MJ, McLeod RS. Should we be performing more randomized controlled trials evaluating surgical operations?. Surgery. 1995; 118 459-467
- 27 Potts M, Prata N, Walsh J. et al . Parachute approach to evidence based medicine. BMJ. 2006; 333 701-703
- 28 McGuire W. Parachute approach to evidence based medicine: arguments are easily refuted. BMJ. 2006; 333 807 ; discussion 807–808
- 29 McArdle CS, Hole D. Impact of variability among surgeons on postoperative morbidity and mortality and ultimate survival. BMJ. 1991; 302 1501-1505
- 30 Solomon MJ, Laxamana A, Devore L. et al . Randomized controlled trials in surgery. Surgery. 1994; 115 707-712
- 31 Chung KC, Kalliainen LK, Spilson SV. et al . The prevalence of negative studies with inadequate statistical power: an analysis of the plastic surgery literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002; 109 1-6 ; discussion 7–8
- 32 Loiselle F, Mahabir RC, Harrop AR. Levels of evidence in plastic surgery research over 20 years. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008; 121 207e-211e
- 33 Momeni A, Becker A, Antes G. et al . Evidence-based plastic surgery: controlled trials in three plastic surgical journals (1990-2005). Ann Plast Surg. 2008; 61 221-225
- 34 Maran AG, Molony NC, Armstrong MW. et al . Is there an evidence base for the practice of ENT surgery?. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1997; 22 152-157
- 35 Moss RL, Henry MC, Dimmitt RA. et al . The role of prospective randomized clinical trials in pediatric surgery: state of the art?. J Pediatr Surg. 2001; 36 1182-1186
-
36
Rennekampff HO, Reimers K, Gabka CJ. et al .
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der autologen Fetttransplantation – „Consensus Meeting” der DGPRÄC in Hannover, September 2009.
Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir.
42
137-142
Korrespondenzadresse
Dr. med. Arash Momeni
Stanford University Medical
Center
Division of Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery
770 Welch Road, Suite 400
Palo Alto, CA 94304-5714
USA
eMail: amomeni@stanford.edu