Zusammenfassung
Ein häufiges Symptom von Demenzerkrankungen ist ein progressiver Gewichtsverlust.
Die Ursachen des oft bereits Jahre vor Diagnosestellung der Erkrankung einsetzenden
Gewichtsverlusts sind bisher nur unzureichend untersucht. Die ungünstigen Auswirkungen
von Gewichtsverlust und Mangelernährung lassen sich jedoch durch eine frühzeitige
und adäquate Ernährungstherapie vermeiden. Daher sollte bereits bei der ersten Diagnosestellung
der Demenz gezielt nach einem vorausgegangenen Gewichtsverlust gefragt werden und
ein regelmäßiges Screening des Ernährungszustands aller Demenzpatienten erfolgen.
Sinnvolle Therapieansätze im Falle von Gewichtsverlust und Malnutrition sind Angehörigenberatung,
Umgebungsgestaltung, Unterstützung bei der Nahrungsaufnahme, Anbieten von energiereichen
Lebensmitteln, Zwischenmahlzeiten und Fingerfood, die Anreicherung der Nahrung und
die Gabe von Trinksupplementen.
Abstract
Progressive weight loss is a frequent symptom in dementia. The reason for this weight
loss, often preceding the onset of dementia, is not completely understood. Yet, the
serious consequences of weight loss and malnutrition in dementia could be counteracted
by an early detection of weight loss and an adequate therapy. Therefore, by the first
diagnosis of dementia, a recent weight loss should be recognized and a regular screening
of the nutritional state of all patients with dementia should be performed. Therapeutic
interventions for malnutrition with a proven effect on weight loss in dementia are
counselling of relatives and caregivers, optimising meal ambiance, help with oral
intake, providing energy dense meals, between-meal snacks, finger-food, caloric enrichment
of meals and the provision of oral nutritional supplements.
Schlüsselwörter
Demenz - enterale Ernährung - Gewichtsverlust - Malnutrition - perkutane endoskopische
Gastrostomie
Keywords
dementia - enteral nutrition - weight loss - malnutrition - percutaneous endoscopic
gastrostomy
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Dr. med. Rainer Wirth
Klinik für Geriatrie, St. Marien-Hospital Borken GmbH
Am Boltenhof 7
46322 Borken
Phone: +49 2861 97 3410
Fax: +49 2861 97 53410
Email: rainer.wirth@hospital-borken.de
