Zusammenfassung
Die Therapie von Herzrhythmusstörungen hat sich in den
letzten Jahren erheblich verändert: nichtmedikamentöse
Verfahren wie die Katheterablation werden frühzeitiger
eingesetzt und haben teilweise die medikamentöse Therapie
abgelöst. Häufig dient die medikamentöse
Therapie noch als Überbrückung bis zur definitiven
Therapie durch Katheterablation. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die
begleitende antiarrhythmische Behandlung bei Patienten mit implantierbaren
Cardioverter-Defibrillatoren (ICD). Bei der Akutbehandlung einiger
Herzrhythmusstörungen, wie z. B. dem Vorhofflimmern,
sind medikamentöse Ansätze unverzichtbar und weiterhin
als primäre Therapie etabliert. Die medikamentöse
Therapie mit den „klassischen” ionenkanalblockierenden
Substanzen ist in der Effektivität limitiert und birgt
insbesondere das Risiko der Proarrhythmie. Pharmaka haben in der
Langzeittherapie jedoch häufig nur eine eingeschränkte
Wirksamkeit und potenzielle Nebenwirkungen. Aus diesem Grund sollte
eine Dauertherapie nur bei strenger Indikationsstellung und engmaschiger
kardiologischer Überwachung erfolgen. Wegen dieser Limitationen wird
nach Alternativen der pharmakologischen Behandlungsprinzipien (nicht-ionenkanalblockierende
Substanzen wie z. B. ACE-Hemmer, Sartane, Statine) gesucht.
Anders als klassische Antiarrhythmika beruht ihr Wirkprinzip vor
allem in der Beeinflussung von strukturellen kardialen Veränderungen.
Abstract
Therapy guidelines for treating heart rhythm disturbances have
changed substantially within the last years: Catheter ablation treatment
strategies support or even replace classical pharmacological treatment.
Nowadays, medical therapy is commonly used as bridging therapy until
definite catheter ablation therapy is performed. Yet, pharmacological
treatment remains a cornerstone of concomitant treatment in patients
with implantable cardioverters/defibrillators (ICD). In
acute onset atrial fibrillation, pharmacological treatment is still
indispensable as established first line strategy. However, medical
therapy with „classical” ion channel blocking
agents has limited effects and even proarrhythmic propensity. Indication
for long-term pharmacological treatment should be thoroughly checked
and patients should be closely monitored, as such treatment comes along
with undesired side effects. Therefore, novel pharmacological treatment
strategies with non-ion channel blocking agents such as ACE-inhibitors,
Sartans, and Statins may be an option. Different from classical
antiarrhythmic agents, these agents have an impact on structural
changes of the diseased heart.
Schlüsselwörter
Arrhythmie - Antiarrhythmika - Herz - Defibrillator - Katheterablation
Keywords
arrhythmia - antiarrhythmic agents - catheter ablation - heart - defibrillator
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Prof. Andreas Goette
St. Vincenz Krankenhaus Paderborn
Medizinische
Klinik II
Am Busdorf 2
33098 Paderborn
eMail: andreas.goette@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de