Midface Lifting: Current Standards

ABSTRACT

The most significant factor contributing to the overall change in the appearance of an individual's facial features over time is age. This process of gradual structural weakening of the face begins during the third decade and continues to worsen during the remainder of an individual's lifetime. Here, we discuss how the approach to midface rejuvenation has evolved over time owing to our increased understanding of the aging process. In addition, we discuss specific techniques that we use that have helped us achieve more natural and lasting results.

KEYWORDS

Aging face - facial rejuvenation - volume loss

REFERENCES

• 1 Friedman O. Changes associated with the aging face.  Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2005;  13 371-380
• 2 Fomon S. The Surgery of Injury and Plastic Repair. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1939
• 3 Hollander E. Cosmetic surgery. In: Joseph M, ed. Handbuch der Kosmetik. Leipzig, Germany: Veriag von Velt; 1912: 688
• 4 Lexer E. Die gesamte Wiederherstellungschirurgie. Vol 2. Leipzig, Germany: J. A. Barth; 1931: 548
• 5 Passot R. La Chirurgie esthetique pure: Techniques et Results. Paris, France: Gaston Doin et Cie; 1931: 176-180
• 6 Joseph J. Nasenplastic und sonstige Gesichtsplastik nebst einem Anhan uber Mamaplastik. Leipzig, Germany: Verlag von Curt Kabitzsch; 1928–1931
• 7 Noel A. La chirurgie esthetique. In: Son Role Social. Paris, France: Mason et Cie; 1926: 62-66
• 8 Miller C C. The Correction of Featural Imperfections. Chicago, IL: Oak Printing; 1907
• 9 Bettman A. Plastic and cosmetic surgery of the face.  Northwest Med J. 1920;  19 205
• 10 Bourguet J. La chirurgie esthétique de la face.  Concours Med. 1921;  1657-1670
• 11 Skoog T. Plastic Surgery: New Methods and Refinements. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders; 1974
• 12 Mitz V, Peyronie M. The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) in the parotid and cheek area.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976;  58 80-88
• 13 Hamra S T. Composite rhytidectomy.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;  90 1-13
• 14 Ramirez O M. Endoscopic full facelift.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1994;  18 363-371
• 15 Hester Jr T R, Codner M A, McCord C D, Nahai F, Giannopoulos A. Evolution of technique of the direct transblepharoplasty approach for the correction of lower lid and midfacial aging: maximizing results and minimizing complications in a 5-year experience.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;  105 393-406 discussion 407-408
• 16 Terino E O. Alloplastic facial contouring: surgery of the fourth plane.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1992;  16 195-212
• 17 Flowers R S. Tear trough implants for correction of tear trough deformity.  Clin Plast Surg. 1993;  20 403-415
• 18 Coleman S R. The technique of periorbital lipoinfiltration.  Oper Tech Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;  1 120-126
• 19 Klein A W. Techniques for soft tissue augmentation: an ‘a to z’.  Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;  7 107-120
• 20 Beasley K L, Weiss M A, Weiss R A. Hyaluronic acid fillers: a comprehensive review.  Facial Plast Surg. 2009;  25 86-94
• 21 Lupo M P. Hyaluronic acid fillers in facial rejuvenation.  Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2006;  25 122-126
• 22 Neuber F. Fettransplantation: Bericht uber die Verhandlungen der Dt Ges f Chir.  Zentralbl Chir. 1893;  22 66
• 23 Moscona R, Ullman Y, Har-Shai Y, Hirshowitz B. Free-fat injections for the correction of hemifacial atrophy.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;  84 501-507 discussion 508-509
• 24 Chajchir A, Benzaquen I. Liposuction fat grafts in face wrinkles and hemifacial atrophy.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1986;  10 115-117
• 25 Illouz Y G. The fat cell “graft”: a new technique to fill depressions.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;  78 122-123
• 26 Teimourian B. Repair of soft-tissue contour deficit by means of semiliquid fat graft.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;  78 123-124
• 27 Coleman S R. Long-term survival of fat transplants: controlled demonstrations.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1995;  19 421-425
• 28 Coleman S R. Facial recontouring with lipostructure.  Clin Plast Surg. 1997;  24 347-367
• 29 Coleman S R. Structural fat grafts: the ideal filler?.  Clin Plast Surg. 2001;  28 111-119
• 30 Guerrerosantos J. Long-term outcome of autologous fat transplantation in aesthetic facial contouring: sixteen years of experience with 1936 cases.  Clin Plast Surg. 2000;  27 515-542
• 31 Kaminer M S, Omura N E. Autologous fat transplantation.  Arch Dermatol. 2001;  137 812-814
• 32 Carpaneda C A, Ribeiro M T. Study of the histologic alterations and viability of the adipose graft in humans.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1993;  17 43-47
• 33 Niechajev I, Sevćuk O. Long-term results of fat transplantation: clinical and histologic studies.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;  94 496-506
• 34 Guerrerosantos J, Gonzalez-Mendoza A, Masmela Y, Gonzalez M A, Deos M, Diaz P. Long-term survival of free fat grafts in muscle: an experimental study in rats.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1996;  20 403-408
• 35 Pinski K S, Roenigk Jr H H. Autologous fat transplantation. Long-term follow-up.  J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1992;  18 179-184
• 36 Amar R E. [Adipocyte microinfiltration in the face or tissue restructuration with fat tissue graft].  Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 1999;  44 593-608
• 37 Duffy M J, Friedland J A. The superficial-plane rhytidectomy revisited.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;  93 1392-1403 discussion 1404-1405
• 38 Hobar P C, Flood J. Subperiosteal rejuvenation of the midface and periorbital area: a simplified approach.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;  104 842-851 discussion 852-853
• 39 Dempsey P D, Oneal R M, Izenberg P H. Subperiosteal brow and midface lifts.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1995;  19 59-68
• 40 Pontius A T, Williams III E F. The extended minimal incision approach to midface rejuvenation.  Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2005;  13 411-419
• 41 Krishna S, Williams III E F. Lipocontouring in conjunction with the minimal incision brow and subperiosteal midface lift: the next dimension in midface rejuvenation.  Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2006;  14 221-228