PIBF – Progesteron induzierter Blockierfaktor

Zusammenfassung

Die Schwangerschaft ist die Symbiose zweier allogener Organismen, die keine gegenseitige immunologische Abstoßungsreaktion hervorrufen, obwohl zahlreiche Zell-zu-Zell-Kontakte zwischen beiden Individuen bestehen. Direkte Grenzflächen zwischen mütterlichen und fetalen Zellen bilden vor allem die Synzytiotrophoblastzellen der Zotten, die extravillösen Zytotrophoblastzellen in der Decidua, die Trophoblastzellen, die das Endothel der mütterlichen decidualen Arteriolen ersetzen, sowie Trophoblastpartikel in der mütterlichen Zirkulation. An allen Stellen ist ein intaktes Immunsystem der Mutter präsent, das jedoch eine Toleranz entwickelt und die fetalen Zellen nicht angreift. Zahlreiche Faktoren, die zu dieser spezifischen Immuntoleranz der Mutter gegenüber dem Fetus beitragen, sind inzwischen bekannt. Einer dieser Faktoren ist der Progesteron-induzierte Blockierfaktor (PIBF). PIBF wurde ursprünglich als ein 34 kDa großes Protein entdeckt, welches unter dem Einfluss von Progesteron von Lymphozyten gesunder Schwangerer freigesetzt wird. PIBF besitzt immunmodulierende Effekte in vivo und in vitro, die für die mütterliche Immuntoleranz und somit zum Erhalt der Schwangerschaft von Bedeutung sind. Mittlerweile wurden auch verschiedene Tumoren entdeckt, die PIBF produzieren und sich dadurch einer Immunantwort entziehen. In diesen Fällen hat PIBF Potenzial als neuer Biomarker für die Tumorprogression oder als Grundlage für neue Behandlungsstrategien.

Abstract

Pregnancy is a unique immunological situation in which 2 allogeneic organisms live in intimate symbiosis without developing rejection reactions. At different locations, interfaces exist between mother and foetus with direct contact between both individuals: 1) maternal blood surrounds foetal villi, which are covered with syncitiotrophoblast cells; 2) cytotrophoblast cells invade the decidua, in which they touch tissue lymphocytes; 3) trophoblast cells, which substitute endothelium of maternal arterioles filled with maternal blood; and 4) trophoblast particles, which are expressed from syncytiotrophoblast and circulate within the maternal blood until they settle in the lung capillaries, where they become degraded by alveolar macrophages. Several factors are known which support the specific immunotolerance of the mother to her foetus and are focussed by current research in reproductive immunology. One of these factors is progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF). Originally, it was discovered as a 34 kDa protein, which is released from lymphocytes of healthy pregnant women under the influence of progesterone. PIBF has immunomodulatory functions in vivo and in vitro, which are important for the establishment of immunotolerance between mother and foetus and, thereby, for the regular course of pregnancy. Finally, during the last years, several tumours have been identified to produce PIBF, which supports their immune escape and which may have the potential to become a novel tumour biomarker and which may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Schlüsselwörter

Schwangerschaft - Placenta - Immuntoleranz - Lymphozyten - Progesteron

Key words

pregnancy - placenta - immunotolerance - lymphocytes - progesterone

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