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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272523
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Prospektive Verlaufsbeobachtungsstudien zur Entstehung des Typ-1-Diabetes im Kindesalter und während der Pubertät
Prospective observational studies of the development of type 1 diabetes during childhood and pubertyPublication History
eingereicht: 30.7.2010
akzeptiert: 18.11.2010
Publication Date:
01 February 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die immer schneller wachsende Zahl der Neuerkrankungen an Typ-1-Diabetes verstärkt die Frage nach dem „Warum” der Autoimmunerkrankung. Studien zur Erforschung der Pathogenese des Typ-1-Diabetes beschäftigen sich mit der Identifizierung und Charakterisierung der exogenen, endogenen und genetischen Faktoren, welche die Autoimmunität induzieren und/oder deren Verlauf beeinflussen. Am besten hierfür geeignet sind prospektive Verlaufsbeobachtungsstudien, die Personen mit erhöhtem Risiko zur Entwicklung eines Typ-1-Diabetes regelmäßig auf Zeichen beginnender Inselautoimmunität, den Inselautoantikörpern, untersuchen. Diese Studien richten sich entweder an Personen, in deren engen familiären Umfeld Typ-1-Diabetes aufgetreten ist, oder die durch das Vorliegen von Risikogenen ein erhöhtes Risiko aufweisen, selbst an Typ-1-Diabetes zu erkranken. Der quantitative Nachweis der Inselautoantikörper ermöglicht die individuelle Stratifizierung des Erkrankungsrisikos. Die im Rahmen der Studien untersuchten altersspezifischen Faktoren umfassen Aspekte der Ernährung, der Größen- und Gewichtsentwicklung, Kinderkrankheiten und Impfungen sowie psychosozialen Einflüssen. Die Identifizierung und Charakterisierung dieser Risikofaktoren werden die Grundlage für Arbeiten zu neuen Ansätzen der Verhinderung oder Heilung von Typ-1-Diabetes bilden. Im Folgenden soll ein Überblick über wichtige Vertreter dieser Studien gegeben werden.
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing rapidly. Detecting the mechanisms underlying the autoimmune disease is a main goal of research. Studies investigating the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes are working on the identification and characterization of exogenous, endogenous and genetic factors which induce or modify autoimmunity. Islet cell autoimmunity can be detected through screening for islet cell autoantibodies. This quantitative analysis allows the stratification of the individual risk for the development of type 1 diabetes. Prospective observational studies are most suitable to assess persons at risk, either because of the occurence of type 1 diabetes in the familiy or because of a genotype associated with increased risk. Age-related factors which are analysed in observational studies include nutrition, increase in height and weight, childhood diseases and vaccinations as well as psychosocial aspects. Identification and charakterization of these risk factors will serve as a basis for working on new approaches to prevent or to cure type 1 diabetes. Aim of this article is to provide an overview of the most relevant observational studies.
Schlüsselwörter
Inselautoimmunität - Typ-1-Diabetes - Beobachtungsstudie
Keywords
islet autoimmunity - type 1 diabetes - observational study
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Prof. Dr. Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
Forschergruppe Diabetes der TU München
Klinikum
rechts der Isar der TU München
Kölner
Platz 1
80804 München
Phone: 089/3068-2591
Fax: 089/3068-7509
Email: anziegler@lrz.uni-muenchen.de