Zum Einsatz von Kompressionstextilien zur Leistungssteigerung und Regenerationsförderung im Leistungssport

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Im Leistungssport erfreuen sich verschiedenste Arten von Kompressionsbekleidungen (Strümpfe, Shorts, Tights und Ganzkörperanzüge) zunehmender Beliebtheit. Die Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Studien zu deren Wirksamkeit zur Steigerung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit sowie Regenrationsförderung fallen jedoch heterogen aus. Ziel der vorliegenden Literaturübersicht ist es, anhand themenrelevanter Studien 1. einen Überblick über die wissenschaftliche Datenlage zur Leistungs- und Regenerationsförderung beim Tragen von Kompressionstextilien zu geben und 2. daraus die praktische Relevanz für die Anwendung von komprimierend wirkenden Textilien im leistungssportlichen Kontext abzuleiten. Methode: Zur Erfassung themenrelevanter Veröffentlichungen für die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit wurde eine Internetrecherche mithilfe der medizinischen Datenbanken „Medline“ und „PubMed“ durchgeführt. Letztendlich wurden 37 Studien aus den Jahren 1987 bis 2010 analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Literaturübersicht hat gezeigt, dass es keine wissenschaftliche Allgemeingültigkeit zum Nutzen von Kompressionskleidung im Leistungssport gibt. Schlussfolgerung: Insbesondere die unterschiedlichen Studiendesigns sowie verschiedene Kleidungsarten mit unterschiedlichen Druckverläufen führen bei einigen Parametern zu widersprüchlicher Datenlage. Zudem lassen sich die Daten widersprüchlich diskutieren, da zugrunde liegende Wirkungsmechanismen hinsichtlich ihrer Relevanz für den Organismus unter körperlicher Belastung bisher nicht in ihrer gesamten Komplexität verstanden wurden.

Abstract

Introduction: In competitive sports different types of compression garments (socks, shorts, tights and whole body suits) have become popular. The results of scientific studies regarding their effectiveness, however, are heterogeneous. The aim of this literature review is to (i) survey the scientific data regarding performance enhancing benefits and the support of recovery when applying compression fabrics and (ii) to describe the practical relevance for the application of compression textiles in the competitive sport context. Method: In order to detect relevant publications for the present review an internet search using the medical databases “Medline” and “PubMed” was performed. Altogether, 37 studies were analysed. All publications were from the years 1987 to 2010. Results: The literature review showed no general scientific indications regarding the benefit of compression garments in competitive sports. Conclusion: In particular, the different study designs and different clothing styles as well as different pressure gradients gave rise to contradictory data.

Schlüsselwörter

Kompression - Kompressionskleidung - Kompressionstrümpfe - Kompressionshosen - Leistung - Regeneration

Key words

compression - compression textiles - compression garments - hosiery - performance - recovery

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