RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273441
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Klinische Hirnanatomie neuropsychologischer Syndrome
Clinical Neuroanatomy of Neuropsychological SyndromesPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
01. August 2011 (online)

Lernziele
Neuropsychologische Syndrome sind häufige Folgen von akuten und chronischen Hirnschädigungen. Sie haben oft erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Alltagskompetenz der Betroffenen. Viele kognitive Störungsbilder haben einen hirnlokalisatorischen Bezug. Die Kenntnis ihrer Neuroanatomie hilft dem Kliniker bei der Lokalisation und Diagnose von zerebralen Krankheitsprozessen. Umgekehrt kann sie auch zusammen mit der Bildgebung bei der hypothesengesteuerten Planung einer neuropsychologischen Diagnostik dienlich sein. Dieser Artikel vermittelt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Kenntnisstand.
Literatur
- 1
Harlow J M.
Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar Through the Head.
Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society.
1868;
2
327-347
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Damasio H, Grabowski T, Frank R et al.
The return of Phineas Gage: clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient.
Science.
1994;
264
1102-1105
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Macmillan M, Lena M L.
Rehabilitating Phineas Gage.
Neuropsychol Rehabil.
2010;
20
641-658
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Broca P.
Perte de la parole: ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe anterieur
gauche du cerveau.
Bulletins de la Societe d’anthropologie, 1re serie.
1861;
2
235-238
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Dronkers N F, Plaisant O, Iba-Zizen M T et al.
Paul Broca’s historic cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne
and Lelong.
Brain.
2007;
130 (Pt 5)
1432-1441
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Mesulam M M.
From sensation to cognition.
Brain.
1998;
121 (Pt 6)
1013-1052
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Catani M, Ffytche D H.
The rises and falls of disconnection syndromes.
Brain.
2005;
128 (Pt 10)
2224-2239
MissingFormLabel
- 8 Prosiegel M. Beschreibung der Patientenstichprobe einer neuropsychologischen Rehabilitationsklinik. In: Cramon von D, Zihl J, (Hrsg) Neuropsychologische Rehabilitation.. Rehabilitation und Prävention 19. Heidelberg: Springer; 1988: 386-399
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Sturm W, Willmes K.
Efficacy of a reaction training on various attentional and cognitive functions in
stroke patients.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation.
2001;
1
259-280
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Shiffrin R M, Schneider W.
Automatic and controlled processing revisited.
Psychol Rev.
1984;
91
269-276
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Sturm W, Simone de A, Krause B J et al.
Functional anatomy of intrinsic alertness: evidence for a fronto-parietal-thalamic-brainstem
network in the right hemisphere.
Neuropsychologia.
1999;
37
797-805
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Howes D, Boller F.
Simple reaction time: evidence for focal impairment from lesions of the right hemisphere.
Brain.
1975;
98
317-332
MissingFormLabel
- 13
McDonald C R, Bauer R M, Filoteo J V et al.
Attentional inhibition in patients with focal frontal lobe lesions.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol.
2005;
27
485-503
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Sasaki Y, Hadjikhani N, Fischl B et al.
Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2001;
98
2077-2082
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Demaree H, DeLuca J, Gaudino E A et al.
Speed of information processing as a key deficit in multiple sclerosis: implications
for rehabilitation.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1999;
67
661-663
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Guillery R W, Feig S L, Loszadi D A.
Paying attention to the thalamic reticular nucleus.
Trends in Neurosci.
1998;
21
28-32
MissingFormLabel
- 17 Plum F, Posner J B. The diagnosis of stupor and coma. Philadelphia: Davis Company; 1980
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Wheeler M E, Petersen S E, Buckner R L.
Memory’s echo: vivid remembering reactivates sensory-specific cortex.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2000;
97
11125-11129
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Squire L R.
The legacy of patient H. M. for neuroscience.
Neuron.
2009;
61
6-9
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Bartsch T, Alfke K, Stingele R et al.
Selective affection of hippocampal CA-1 neurons in patients with transient global
amnesia without long-term sequelae.
Brain.
2006;
129 (Pt 11)
2874-2884
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Cramon von D, Hebel N.
Lern- und Gedächtnisstörungen bei fokalen zerebralen Gewebsnekrosen.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr.
1989;
57
544-550
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Böttger S, Prosiegel M, Steiger H J et al.
Neurobehavioural disturbances, rehabilitation outcome, and lesion site in patients
after rupture and repair of anterior communicating artery aneurysm.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1998;
65
93-102
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Debiec J, Díaz-Mataix L, Bush D E et al.
The amygdala encodes specific sensory features of an aversive reinforcer.
Nat Neurosci.
2010;
13
536-537
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Schnider A.
Spontaneous confabulation and the adaptation of thought to ongoing reality.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2003;
4
662-671
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Kroll N E, Markowitsch H J, Knight R T et al.
Retrieval of old memories: the temporofrontal hypothesis.
Brain.
1997;
120
1377-1399
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Markowitsch H J.
Functional retrograde amnesia – mnestic block syndrome.
Cortex.
2002;
38
651-654
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Drechsler R.
Exekutive Funktionen: Übersicht und Taxonomie.
Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie.
2007;
18
233-248
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Wilson C R, Gaffan D, Browning P G et al.
Functional localization within the prefrontal cortex: missing the forest for the trees?.
Trends Neurosci.
2010;
33
533-540
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Chikazoe J, Konishi S, Asari T et al.
Activation of right inferior frontal gyrus during response inhibition across response
modalities.
J Cogn Neurosci.
2007;
19
69-80
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Dagher A, Owen A M, Boecker H et al.
Mapping the network for planning: a correlational PET activation study with the Tower
of London task.
Brain.
1999;
122 (Pt 10)
1973-1987
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Gilbert S J, Henson R N, Simons J S.
The Scale of Functional Specialization within Human Prefrontal Cortex.
J Neurosci.
2010;
30
1233-1237
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Kinnunen K M, Greenwood R, Powell J H et al.
White matter damage and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury.
Brain.
2011;
134 (Pt 2)
449-463
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Lamar M, Price C C, Giovannetti T et al.
The dysexecutive syndrome associated with ischaemic vascular disease and related subcortical
neuropathology: a Boston process approach.
Behav Neurol.
2010;
22
53-62
MissingFormLabel
- 34
Saver J L, Damasio A R.
Preserved access and processing of social knowledge in a patient with acquired sociopathy
due to ventromedial frontal damage.
Neuropsychologia.
1991;
29
1241-1249
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Bechara A, Damasio A R, Damasio H et al.
Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex.
Cognition.
1994;
50
7-15
MissingFormLabel
- 36
Maia T V, McClelland J L.
A reexamination of the evidence for the somatic marker hypothesis: what participants
really know in the Iowa gambling task.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2004;
101
16075-16080
MissingFormLabel
- 37
Manes F, Sahakian B, Clark L et al.
Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex.
Brain.
2002;
125 (Pt 3)
624-639
MissingFormLabel
- 38
Kravitz D J, Saleem K S, Baker C I et al.
A new neural framework for visuospatial processing.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2011;
12
217-230
MissingFormLabel
- 39
Karnath H O, Rüter J, Mandler A et al.
The anatomy of object recognition – visual form agnosia caused by medial occipitotemporal
stroke.
J Neurosci.
2009;
29
5854-5862
MissingFormLabel
- 40
Rizzo M, Vecera S P.
Psychoanatomical substrates of Bálint’s syndrome.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2002;
72
162-178
MissingFormLabel
- 41
Ringman J M, Saver J L, Woolson R F et al.
Frequency, risk factors, anatomy, and course of unilateral neglect in an acute stroke
cohort.
Neurology.
2004;
63
468-474
MissingFormLabel
- 42
Karnath H O, Fruhmann Berger M, Kuker W et al.
The anatomy of spatial neglect based on voxelwise statistical analysis: a study of
140 patients.
Cereb Cortex.
2004;
14
1164-1172
MissingFormLabel
- 43
Golay L, Schnider A, Ptak R.
Cortical and subcortical anatomy of chronic spatial neglect following vascular damage.
Behav Brain Funct.
2008;
4
43
MissingFormLabel
- 44
Willmes K, Poeck K.
To what extent can aphasic syndromes be localized?.
Brain.
1993;
116 (Pt 6)
1527-1540
MissingFormLabel
- 45
Damasio A R.
Aphasia.
N Engl J Med.
1992;
326
531-539
MissingFormLabel
- 46
Catani M, Jones D K, Ffytche D H.
Perisylvian language networks of the human brain.
Ann Neurol.
2005;
57
8-16
MissingFormLabel
- 47
Hickok G, Poeppel D.
The cortical organization of speech processing.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2007;
8
393-402
MissingFormLabel
- 48
Saur D, Kreher B W, Schnell S et al.
Ventral and dorsal pathways for language.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2008;
105
18035-18040
MissingFormLabel
- 49
Dronkers N F.
A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation.
Nature.
1996;
384
159-161
MissingFormLabel
- 50
Hillis A E, Work M, Barker P B et al.
Re-examining the brain regions crucial for orchestrating speech articulation.
Brain.
2004;
127
1479-1487
MissingFormLabel
- 51
Goldenberg G, Hagmann S.
Tool use and mechanical problem solving in apraxia.
Neuropsychologia.
1998;
36
581-589
MissingFormLabel
- 52
Weiss P H, Fink G R.
Strukturelle und funktionelle Bildgebung zur Pathopysiologie der Apraxie.
Nervenarzt.
2010;
81
1444-1449
MissingFormLabel
- 53
Leiguarda R C, Marsden C D.
Limb apraxias – Higher-order disorders of sensorimotor integration.
Brain.
2000;
123
860-879
MissingFormLabel
- 54
Goldenberg G, Strauss S.
Hemisphere asymmetries for imitation of novel gestures.
Neurology.
2002;
59
893-897
MissingFormLabel
- 55
Goldenberg G, Karnath H O.
The neural basis of imitation is body part specific.
J Neurosci.
2006;
26
6282-6287
MissingFormLabel
Dr. Mario Paulig
Neurologie und klinische Neurophysiologie, Schön Klinik München Schwabing
Parzivalplatz 4
80804 München
eMail: mpaulig@schoen-kliniken.de