Einfluss der Behandlung temporomandibulärer Störungen bei Patienten mit chronischen zervikogenen Kopfschmerzen[1]

Zusammenfassung

An der 3-dreimonatigen Studie nahmen 43 Patienten (16 Männer) mit nach der International Classification of Diagnostic Criteria of Headaches (ICDH-ll) diagnostizierten zervikogenen Kopfschmerzen teil. Die Probanden wurden randomisiert in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt. Bei der Kontrollgruppe wurde nur die Zervikalregion manualtherapeutisch, bei der TMD-Gruppe zusätzlich die temporomandibuläre Region mit weiteren manuellen Therapietechniken behandelt, um einen zusätzlichen Einfluss auf die temporomandibulären Störungen auszuüben. Bei allen Patienten erfolgte eine Untersuchung vor der Behandlung, nach 6 Behandlungssitzungen und bei einem Follow-up nach 6 Monaten. Die Ergebniskriterien waren Intensität der Kopfschmerzen (gemessen anhand einer farbigen Analogskala), Neck Disability Index (niederländische Version), Conti Anamnestic Questionnaire, Abhorchen des Kiefergelenks mit dem Stethoskop, Graded Chronic Pain Status (niederländische Version), mandibuläre Deviation, Umfang der Mundöffnung und Druckschmerzschwelle der Kaumuskulatur.

Den Ergebnissen zufolge litten 44,1 % der Studienteilnehmer mit zervikogenen Kopfschmerzen an TMD. Die TMD-Gruppe wies nach der Behandlungsperiode eine signifikant verringerte Kopfschmerzintensität und eine verbesserte Nackenfunktion auf. Die Verbesserungen blieben während der behandlungsfreien Zeit bis zum Follow-up erhalten und traten bei der Kontrollgruppe nicht auf. Dieser Trend spiegelte sich auch in den Fragebögen und den klinischen temporomandibulären Zeichen wider. Die Beobachtungen lassen die Schlussfolgerung zu, dass die Behandlung der temporomandibulären Region bei Patienten mit zervikogenen Kopfschmerzen eine positive und langfristig anhaltende Wirkung hat.

Abstract

The present study was comprised of 43 patients (16 men) with cervicogenic headache for over 3 months, diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diagnostic Criteria of Headaches (ICDH-ll). The patients were randomly assigned to receive either manual therapy for the cervical region (usual care group) or additional manual therapy techniques to the temporomandibular region to additionally influence temporomandibular disorders (TMD). All patients were assessed prior to treatment, after 6 sessions of treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up. The outcome criteria were: intensity of headaches measured on a colored analogue scale, the Neck Disability Index (Dutch version), the Conti Anamnestic Questionnaire, noise registration at the mandibular joint using a stethoscope, the Graded Chronic Pain Status (Dutch version), mandibular deviation, range of mouth opening, and pressure/pain threshold of the masticatory muscles.

The results indicate in the studied sample of cervicogenic headache patients, 44.1 % had TMD. The group that received additional temporomandibular manual therapy techniques showed significantly decreased headache intensities and increased neck function after the treatment period. These improvements persisted during the treatment-free period (follow-up) and were not observed in the usual care group. This trend was also reflected on the questionnaires and the clinical temporomandibular signs. Based on these observations, we strongly believe that treatment of the temporomandibular region has beneficial effects for patients with cervicogenic headaches, even in the long-term.

chronische zervikogene Kopfschmerzen - temporomandibuläre Störungen - Manuelle Therapie

cervicogenic headache - temporomandibular disorders - manual therapy

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1 Der Originalartikel Effect of Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in Patients with Cervicogenic Headache: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study ist erschienen in The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice 2011; 29: 1 – 14.