Elevation of Serum Galectin-3 and Liver Stiffness Measured by Transient Elastography in Biliary Atresia

Abstract

Background and aim: Biliary atresia (BA) is an intractable neonatal liver disease characterized by progressive fibrosclerotic obliteration of the extrahepatic biliary tree. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum galectin-3 in postoperative BA patients and the association between galectin-3, clinical outcome and liver stiffness score.

Methods: 58 BA patients post Kasai operation and 20 controls were enrolled. None of the patients had undergone liver transplantation. BA patients were classified into 2 groups according to their serum total bilirubin (TB) levels (TB<2 mg/dL, no jaundice vs. TB≥2 mg/dL, persistent jaundice) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (ALT<45 IU/L, normal ALT vs. ALT≥45 IU/L, elevated ALT). Serum galectin-3 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver stiffness scores were measured by transient elastography (FibroScan).

Results: BA patients had higher serum galectin-3 levels (5.1±0.3 vs. 3.8±0.4 ng/mL, p=0.01) and greater liver stiffness values than healthy controls (29.7±3.0 vs. 5.1±0.5 kPa, p<0.001). Serum galectin-3 levels were markedly elevated in BA patients with jaundice compared to those without jaundice (6.4±0.5 vs. 4.4±0.3 ng/mL, p=0.001). Furthermore, BA patients with elevated ALT displayed significantly higher levels of serum galectin-3 than those with normal ALT (5.9±0.4 vs. 3.8±0.3 ng/mL, p=0.001). Additionally, BA patients with portal hypertension had considerably higher serum galectin-3 levels than those without portal hypertension (6.1±0.4 vs. 3.7±0.3 ng/mL, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Increased serum galectin-3 is associated with a poor outcome in postoperative BA patients. Serum galectin-3 could be used as a biochemical parameter reflecting the deterioration of liver function and the severity of liver fibrosis in postoperative BA.

biliary atresia - galectin-3 - jaundice - liver stiffness - portal hypertension

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