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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1274553
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Medikamentös induzierte Lungenerkrankungen
Drug-induced lung diseasesPublication History
eingereicht: 7.12.2010
akzeptiert: 13.1.2011
Publication Date:
22 March 2011 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Medikamentennebenwirkungen an den Atmungsorganen können vielfältige bronchopulmonale Erkrankungen induzieren. Das Spektrum reicht vom banalen Husten über die Induktion von Bronchialobstruktionen, bis hin zur Bronchiolitis obliterans. Im Lungenparenchym treten Alveolitiden und Lungenfibrosen auf. Weitere Reaktionsmuster sind das nichtkardiogene Lungenödem, die diffuse alveoläre Hämorrhagie, ein akutes Lungenversagen (ARDS), eosinophile Lungenerkrankungen, pulmonal-vaskulären Krankheiten und Pleuritiden. Selten liegt ein pathognomonisches Muster vor, so dass medikamenteninduzierte Erkrankungen oft eine Differentialdiagnose von genuinen pneumologischen Krankheiten darstellen. Die Diagnostik stützt sich vorwiegend auf den Nachweis eines kompatiblen Krankheitsbildes, den Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen, die Bewertung des zeitlichen Zusammenhangs und der Effekte einer Medikamentenkarenz. Eine Reexposition ist selten indiziert. Die Karenz ist die wichtigste therapeutische Maßnahme; eine zusätzliche medikamentöse Therapie, meist mit Glukokortikosteroiden, kann notwendig sein.
Abstract
Adverse effects of drug therapy may induce a wide variety of bronchopulmonary disorders. The spectrum of drug induced lung and bronchial diseases include simple cough, bronchial obstruction, and obstructive bronchiolitis. Lung parenchyma may be affected by alveolitis/pneumonitis or lung fibrosis. Further damage patterns are noncardiac pulmonary oedema, diffuse alveolar damage, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, eosinophilic lung diseases, pulmonary vascular disorders as well as pleural affections. These side effects rarely have pathognomonic features. Therefore they are relevant differential diagnoses of genuine pulmonary diseases. Diagnostics is based mainly on the verification of a compatible disease pattern, exclusion of differential diagnoses, and assessment of the temporal relationship and the consequences of drug abstention. Reexposure is rarely indicated. Strict elimination of the responsible drugs is the most important therapeutic measure. Additional drug therapy, mostly with glucocorticosteroids, may be indicated.
Schlüsselwörter
Medikamentennebenwirkungen - Atmungsorgane - Alveolitis - Lungenfibrose
Keywords
side effects of drug therapy - respiratory system - alveolitis - pulmonary fibrosis
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Prof. Dr. med. Jens Schreiber
Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
Abteilung
für Pneumologie
39167 Magdeburg
Phone: 0391/67-15421
Fax: 0391/67-13356
Email: jens.schreiber@med.ovgu.de