Zusammenfassung
Medikamentennebenwirkungen an den Atmungsorganen können
vielfältige bronchopulmonale Erkrankungen induzieren. Das
Spektrum reicht vom banalen Husten über die Induktion von
Bronchialobstruktionen, bis hin zur Bronchiolitis obliterans. Im
Lungenparenchym treten Alveolitiden und Lungenfibrosen auf. Weitere
Reaktionsmuster sind das nichtkardiogene Lungenödem, die
diffuse alveoläre Hämorrhagie, ein akutes Lungenversagen
(ARDS), eosinophile Lungenerkrankungen, pulmonal-vaskulären
Krankheiten und Pleuritiden. Selten liegt ein pathognomonisches
Muster vor, so dass medikamenteninduzierte Erkrankungen oft eine
Differentialdiagnose von genuinen pneumologischen Krankheiten darstellen.
Die Diagnostik stützt sich vorwiegend auf den Nachweis
eines kompatiblen Krankheitsbildes, den Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen,
die Bewertung des zeitlichen Zusammenhangs und der Effekte einer
Medikamentenkarenz. Eine Reexposition ist selten indiziert. Die
Karenz ist die wichtigste therapeutische Maßnahme; eine
zusätzliche medikamentöse Therapie, meist mit
Glukokortikosteroiden, kann notwendig sein.
Abstract
Adverse effects of drug therapy may induce a wide variety of
bronchopulmonary disorders. The spectrum of drug induced lung and
bronchial diseases include simple cough, bronchial obstruction,
and obstructive bronchiolitis. Lung parenchyma may be affected by
alveolitis/pneumonitis or lung fibrosis. Further damage
patterns are noncardiac pulmonary oedema, diffuse alveolar damage,
diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, eosinophilic lung diseases, pulmonary
vascular disorders as well as pleural affections. These side effects
rarely have pathognomonic features. Therefore they are relevant
differential diagnoses of genuine pulmonary diseases. Diagnostics is
based mainly on the verification of a compatible disease pattern,
exclusion of differential diagnoses, and assessment of the temporal
relationship and the consequences of drug abstention. Reexposure
is rarely indicated. Strict elimination of the responsible drugs
is the most important therapeutic measure. Additional drug therapy, mostly
with glucocorticosteroids, may be indicated.
Schlüsselwörter
Medikamentennebenwirkungen - Atmungsorgane - Alveolitis - Lungenfibrose
Keywords
side effects of drug therapy - respiratory system - alveolitis - pulmonary fibrosis
Literatur
- 1
Allen J.
Drug-induced eosinophilic lung disease.
Clin Chest
Med.
2004;
25
77-88
- 2
Babu K, Marshall B.
Drug-induced airway diseases.
Clin Chest Med.
2004;
25
113-122
- 3
Camus P, Bonniaud P, Fanton A. et
al .
Drug-induced and iatrogenic infiltrative lung disease.
Clin Chest Med.
2004;
25
479-519
- 4
Camus P, Costabel U.
Drug-induced respiratory
disease in patients with hematological diseases.
Semin
Respir Crit Care Med.
2005;
26
458-481
- 5
Camus P, Fanton A, Bonniaud P. et
al .
Interstitial lung disease induced by drugs and
radiation.
Respiration.
2004;
71
301-326
- 6
Camus P, Martin W, Rosenow E. et
al .
Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity.
Clin Chest
Med.
2004;
25
65-75
- 7
Cannon G.
Methotrexate pulmonary toxicity.
Rheum Dis Clin North
Am.
1997;
23
917-937
- 8
Cleverley J, Screaton N, Hiorns M. et al .
Drug-induced lung disease: high-resolution
CT and histological findings.
Clin Radiol.
2002;
57
292-299
- 9
Costabel U, Uzaslan E, Guzman J.
Bronchoalveolar lavage in drug-induced lung disease.
Clin
Chest Med.
2004;
25
25-35
- 10
Ellis S, Cleverley J, Muller N.
Drug-induced lung disease: high-resolution CT findings.
AJR
Am J Roentgenol.
2000;
175
1019-1024
- 11
Flieder D, Travis W.
Pathologic characteristics
of drug-induced lung disease.
Clin Chest Med.
2004;
25
37-45
- 12
Higenbottam T, Kuwano K, Nemery B. et al .
Understanding the mechanisms of drug-associated
interstitial lung disease.
Br J Cancer.
2004;
91
(Suppl 2)
31-37
- 13
Huggins J, Sahn S.
Drug-induced pleural disease.
Clin Chest Med.
2004;
25
141-153
- 14
Kedia R, Allen M.
Pulmonary toxicity of cardiac
drugs.
Drugs Today.
1999;
35
867-878
- 15
Lee-Chiong T, Matthay R.
Drug-induced pulmonary
edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Clin Chest
Med.
2004;
25
95-104
- 16
Meadors M, Floyd J, Perry M.
Pulmonary toxicity of chemotherapy.
Semin Oncol.
2006;
33
98-105
- 17
Mellot F, Scherrer A.
Imaging features of
drug-induced lung diseases.
J Radiol.
2005;
86
550-557
- 18
Muller K, Einsfelder B.
Drug-induced pulmonary
damage.
Pathologe.
2006;
27
19-26
- 19
Schwarz M, Fontenot A.
Drug-induced diffuse
alveolar hemorrhage syndromes and vasculitis.
Clin Chest
Med.
2004;
25
133-140
- 20
Souza C, Muller N, Johkoh T. et
al .
Drug-Induced eosinophilic pneumonia.
Am
J Roentgenol.
2006;
186
368-373
Prof. Dr. med. Jens Schreiber
Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
Abteilung
für Pneumologie
39167 Magdeburg
Telefon: 0391/67-15421
Fax: 0391/67-13356
eMail: jens.schreiber@med.ovgu.de