PDF herunterladen
Int J Sports Med 2011; 32(8): 598-605
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275356
Training & Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Reliability of Resting and Postexercise Heart Rate Measures

H. Al Haddad1 , 2 , 3 , P. B. Laursen4 , 5 , D. Chollet2 , S. Ahmaidi1 , M. Buchheit1 , 3
  • 1Laboratoire de Recherche, EA 3300 «Adaptations physiologiques à l'exercice et réadaptation à l'effort», Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
  • 2Laboratoire de Recherche EA-3832 «Centre d'études des transformations en activité physique et sportive» Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
  • 3Sport Science Section, Physiology Unit, Aspire Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha, Qatar
  • 4New Zealand Academy of Sport, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 5Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), School of Sport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

accepted after revision February 25, 2011

Publikationsdatum:
13. Mai 2011 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

In this study, we compared the reliability of short-term resting heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) and postexercise parasympathetic reactivation (i. e., HR recovery (HRR) and HRV) indices following either submaximal or supramaximal exercise. On 4 different occasions, beat-to-beat HR was recorded in 15 healthy males (21.5±1.4 yr) during 5 min of seated rest, followed by submaximal (Sub) and supramaximal (Supra) exercise bouts; both exercise bouts were followed by 5 min of seated recovery. Reliability of all HR-derived indices was assessed by the typical error of measurement expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV,%). CV for HRV indices ranged from 4 to 17%, 7 to 27% and 41 to 82% for time domain, spectral and ratio indices, respectively. The CV for HRR ranged from 15 to 32%. Spectral CVs for HRV were lower at rest compared with Supra (e. g., natural logarithm of the high frequency range (LnHF); 12.6 vs. 26.2%; p=0.02). HRR reliability was not different between Sub and Supra (25 vs. 14%; p=0.10). The present study found discrepancy in the CVs of vagal-related heart rate indices; a finding that should be appreciated when assessing changes in these variables. Further, Supra exercise was shown to worsen the reliability of HRV-spectral indices.

Key words

heart rate variability - heart rate recovery - typical error - repeatability - autonomic nervous system - vagal-related indices

References

  • 1 Atkinson G, Nevill AM. Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine.  Sports Med. 1998;  26 217-238
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 2 Billman G. Aerobic exercise conditioning: a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention.  J Appl Physiol. 2002;  92 446-454
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 3 Blain G, Meste O, Bermon S. Influences of breathing patterns on respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans during exercise.  Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;  288 887-895
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 4 Bloomfield D, Magnano A, Bigger JJ, Rivadeneira H, Parides M, Steinman RC. Comparison of spontaneous vs. metronome-guided breathing on assessment of vagal modulation using RR variability.  Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001;  280 1145-1150
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 5 Bosquet L, Gamelin FX, Berthoin S. Reliability of postexercise heart rate recovery.  Int J Sports Med. 2008;  29 238-243
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 6 Buchheit M, Al Haddad H, Millet G, Lepretre PM, Newton M, Ahmaidi S. Cardiorespiratory and cardiac autonomic responses to 30–15 intermittent fitness test in team sport players.  J Strength Cond Res. 2009;  23 93-100
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 7 Buchheit M, Chivot A, Parouty J, Mercier D, Al Haddad H, Laursen PB, Ahmaidi S. Monitoring endurance running performance using cardiac parasympathetic function.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;  108 1153-1167
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 8 Buchheit M, Gindre C. Cardiac parasympathetic regulation: respective associations with cardiorespiratory fitness and training load.  Am J Physiol. 2006;  291 H451-H458
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 9 Buchheit M, Laursen PB, Ahmaidi S. Parasympathetic reactivation after repeated sprint exercise.  Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007;  293 133-141
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 10 Buchheit M, Millet G, Parisy A, Pourchez S, Laursen PB, Ahmaidi S. Supramaximal training and post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation in adolescents.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;  40 362-371
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 11 Buchheit M, Papelier Y, Laursen P, Ahmaidi S. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac parasympathetic function: post-exercise heart rate recovery or heart rate variability?.  Am J Physiol. 2007;  23 H8-H10
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 12 Goldberger J, Challapalli S, Tung R, Parker M, Kadish A. Relationship of heart rate variability to parasympathetic effect.  Circulation. 2001;  103 1977-1983
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 13 Goldberger J, Le FK, Lahiri M, Lahiri M, Kannankeril PJ, Ng J, Kadish AH. Assessment of parasympathetic reactivation after exercise.  Am J Physiol. 2006;  290 H2446-H2452
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 14 Goulopoulou S, Heffernan K, Fernhall B, Yates G, Baxter-Jones AD, Unnithan VB. Heart rate variability during recovery from a Wingate test in adolescent males.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;  38 875-881
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 15 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. International Journal of Sports Medicine – Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research.  Int J Sports Med. 2009;  30 701-702
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 16 Hopkins WG. Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science.  Sports Med. 2000;  30 1-15
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 17 Hopkins WG. Reliability from consecutive pairs of trials (Excel spreadsheet).  Sportscience. 2000;  http://sportsci.org/
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 18 Hopkins WG, Hawley JA, Burke LM. Design and analysis of research on sport performance enhancement.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;  31 472-485
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 19 Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;  41 3-13
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 20 Hopkins WG, Schabort EJ, Hawley JA. Reliability of power in physical performance tests.  Sports Med. 2001;  31 211-234
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 21 Imai K, Sato H, Hori M, Kusuoka H, Ozaki H, Yokoyama H, Takeda H, Inoue M, Kamada T. Vagally mediated heart rate recovery after exercise is accelerated in athletes but blunted in patients with chronic heart failure.  J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;  24 1529-1535
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 22 Inbar O, Bar-Or O, Skinner J. The Wingate Anaerobic Test.. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1996
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 23 Kiviniemi AM, Hautala AJ, Kinnunen H, Tulppo MP. Endurance training guided individually by daily heart rate variability measurements.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;  101 743-751
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 24 Kobayashi H. Does paced breathing improve the reproducibility of heart rate variability measurements?.  J Physiol Anthropol. 2009;  28 225-230
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 25 Lamberts RP, Lemmink KA, Durandt JJ, Lambert MI. Variation in heart rate during submaximal exercise: implications for monitoring training.  J Strength Cond Res. 2004;  18 641-645
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 26 Lamberts RP, Swart J, Capostagno B, Noakes TD, Lambert MI. Heart rate recovery as a guide to monitor fatigue and predict changes in performance parameters.  Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;  20 449-457
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 27 Leicht AS, Allen GD. Moderate-term reproducibility of heart rate variability during rest and light to moderate exercise in children.  Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008;  41 627-633
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 28 Maeder MT, Ammann P, Rickli H, Brunner-La Rocca HP. Impact of the exercise mode on heart rate recovery after maximal exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;  105 247-255
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 29 Nunan D, Donovan G, Jakovljevic D, Hodges LD, Sandercock GR, Brodie DA. Validity and reliability of short-term heart-rate variability from the Polar S810.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;  41 243-250
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 30 Parouty J, Al Haddad H, Quod M, Leprêtre PM, Ahmaidi S, Buchheit M. Effect of cold water immersion on 100-m sprint performance in well-trained swimmers.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;  109 483-490
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 31 Penttila J, Helminen A, Jartti T, Kuusela T, Huikuri HV, Tulppo MP, Coffeng R, Scheinin H. Time domain, geometrical and frequency domain analysis of cardiac vagal outflow: effects of various respiratory patterns.  Clin Physiol. 2001;  21 365-376
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 32 Salo TM, Voipio-Pulkki LM, Jalonen JO, Helenius H, Viikari JS, Kantola I. Reproducibility of abnormal heart rate variability indices: the case of hypertensive sleep apnoea syndrome.  Clin Physiol. 1999;  19 258-268
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 33 Sandercock GR, Bromley PD, Brodie DA. The reliability of short-term measurements of heart rate variability.  Int J Cardiol. 2005;  103 238-247
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 34 Sinnreich R, Kark JD, Friedlander Y, Sapoznikov D, Luria MH. Five minute recordings of heart rate variability for population studies: repeatability and age-sex characteristics.  Heart. 1998;  80 156-162
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 35 Task Force . Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.  Circulation. 1996;  93 1043-1065
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 36 Weir JP. Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM.  J Strength Cond Res. 2005;  19 231-240
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar

Correspondence

Dr. Hani Al HaddadPhD 

Laboratoire de Recherche

EA 3300 «Adaptations

physiologiques á l'exercice et

réadaptation á l'effort»

Faculté des Sciences du Sport

Université de Picardie Jules Verne

F-80025 Amiens

France

Telefon: +333/22/82 89 36

Fax: +333/22/82 79 10

eMail: alhaddad.hani@gmail.com