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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280623
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Myokarditis – Pathomechanismen als Basis für neue Behandlungsstrategien
Myocarditis – Pathomechanisms as a basis for new treatment optionsPublication History
Publication Date:
18 May 2011 (online)

Myokarditiden und entzündliche Kardiomyopathien sind erworbene Erkrankungen des Herzmuskels, die durch zahlreiche infektiöse und nicht infektiöse Ursachen ausgelöst werden können. Für die differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung der Erkrankungsursache und sich daraus ableitender spezifischer Behandlungsstrategien ist eine eindeutige Diagnosesicherung notwendig. Erst die Biopsiediagnostik ermöglicht es, die zugrunde liegenden spezifischen Pathomechanismen exakt zu erfassen und die Basis für neue Behandlungsstrategien mit günstiger Beeinflussung der Erkrankungsverläufe zu schaffen. Obwohl die bisherigen Studien zeigen, dass entzündlich oder viral induzierte chronische Kardiomyopathien prinzipiell von spezifischen Behandlungsansätzen profitieren, müssen die optimalen Behandlungszeitpunkte und Behandlungsstrategien durch weitere randomisierte Untersuchungen an größeren, exakt charakterisierten Patientengruppen verifiziert werden, bevor allgemein geltende Behandlungsempfehlungen gegeben werden können.
In?ammatory cardiomyopathy is an acute or chronic cardiac muscle disease caused by a myocardial in?ltration of immunocompetent cells following any kind of cardiac injury. Acute myocarditis is often a result of a viral infection that produces myocardial necrosis and triggers an immune response aiming at elimination of the infectious agent. Chronic myocardial injury may furthermore develop by postinfectious immune or autoimmune processes or be associated with systemic autoimmune diseases which, in the long run, are responsible for persistent or progressive ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias and cardiac complaints. If the underlying infectious or immune-mediated causes of the disease are carefully defined by clinical and biopsy-based tools, specific immunosuppressive and antiviral treatment options, in addition to basic symptomatic therapy, may improve prognosis in a number of patients with acute and chronic inflammatory and infectious heart diseases.
Key words
In?ammatory cardiomyopathy - myocarditis - viral infection - arrhythmia - biopsy-based tools - immunosuppressive and antiviral treatment
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Korrespondenz
Dr. Uwe Kühl
Medizinische Klinik II, Kardiologie und Pulmologie Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin
Hindenburgdamm 30
12200 Berlin
Fax: 030/8445-4219
Email: uwe.kuehl@charite.de