Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Bei älteren Patienten mit reduzierter Knochenqualität sind Insuffizienzfrakturen des Os sacrum relativ häufig und typischerweise mit starken, invalidisierenden Schmerzen verbunden. Ziel unserer Studie war die Überprüfung der Durchführbarkeit und Sicherheit einer Sacroplastie mittels Ballonkatheter sowie der Schmerzreduktion. Material und Methoden: Bei 25 Patienten wurde im MRT eine Os-sacrum-Fraktur diagnostiziert. Als Ausdruck eines noch vorhandenen Knochenumbauprozesses fand sich bei allen Patienten im MRT in den stark T 2-gewichteten Bildern ein deutliches Ödem. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine CT-gesteuerte Ballon-Sacroplastie durchgeführt. Um eine Zementverteilung in longitudinaler Achse zur Fraktur zu erreichen, wurde der Ballonkatheter über eine Hohlnadel in das Os sacrum von kaudal nach kranial oder von kraniodorsal nach kaudoventral eingebracht. Der dadurch geschaffene Hohlraum wurde dann mit PMMA-Zement aufgefüllt. Anschließend erfolgte ein Kontroll-CT sowie eine konventionelle Röntgenaufnahme in zwei Ebenen. Die Schmerzintensität wurde vor der Intervention, am 2. Tag, 6 und 12 Monate nach Intervention mittels visueller Analogskala (VAS) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Bei allen Patienten ließ sich die Ballon-Sacroplastie technisch gut durchführen. Im Kontroll-CT und der Röntgenkontrolle fand sich im Os sacrum eine ausreichende Zementverteilung, eine Zementleckage war nicht nachweisbar. Der Mittelwert für Schmerzen nach VAS lag vor der Intervention bei 8,3, am 2. postoperativen Tag zeigte sich eine deutliche Schmerzreduktion mit einem durchschnittlichen Wert von 2,7, dieses war mit 2,5 auch noch nach 6 und 12 Monaten stabil. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ballon-Sacroplastie ist eine effektive Behandlungsmethode zur schnellen Schmerzreduktion bei Patienten mit Insuffizienzfrakturen des Os sacrum.
Abstract
Purpose: In older patients with reduced bone quality, fatigue fractures of the os sacrum are relatively common and are typically accompanied by strong, disabling pain. The aim of our study was to verify the feasibility and safety of sacroplasty using a balloon catheter as well as the reduction of pain. Materials and Methods: 25 patients were diagnosed with an os sacrum fracture in MRI. As a manifestation of an extant bone reconstruction process, all patients were diagnosed with distinctive edema on the basis of MRI strong T 2-weighted images. CT-controlled balloon sacroplasty was performed in all patients. To allow the cement to be dispensed at a longitudinal angle to the fracture, the balloon catheter is directed through a hollow needle in the os sacrum either from the caudal to the cranial direction or from the craniodorsal to the caudoventral direction. The thus created cavity was then filled with PMMA cement. A control CT and a conventional X-ray in two planes were then carried out. The pain intensity was defined by means of VAS before the intervention, on the second day, and 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Results: The balloon sacroplasty yielded good technical performance in every patient. The control CT and the X-ray control of the os sacrum showed adequate distribution of the cement, and cement leakage was not detected. Before the operation, the average pain encountered was in accordance with VAS 8.3. On the second postoperative day, a considerable reduction with an average of 2.7 was reported, and this remained stable with an average of 2.5 after 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: Balloon sacroplasty is an effective treatment method for fast pain relief in patients with fatigue fractures of the os sacrum.
Key words
fatigue fracture - os sacrum fracture - osteoporosis - balloon sacroplasty - interventional pain relief
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Reimer Andresen
Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie/Neuroradiologie, Westküstenklinikum Heide, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universitäten Kiel, Lübeck und Hamburg
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