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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283805
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart ˙ New York
Aktuelle medizinische und ökonomische Aspekte der extrakorporalen Stoßwellenlithotripsie
Medical and Economic Aspects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave LithotripsyPublication History
Publication Date:
16 November 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die extrakorporale Stoßwellenlithotripsie (ESWL) stellt leitliniengerecht das Verfahren der Wahl für die meisten Nieren- und Harnleitersteine dar. In der Realität werden inzwischen jedoch immer häufiger bereits primär endoskopische Verfahren eingesetzt. Die Gründe liegen zum Teil in den nicht immer zufriedenstellenden Ergebnissen der ESWL. Hierbei bleibt jedoch häufig unberücksichtigt, dass über die Jahrzehnte bei den behandelnden Urologen grundlegende Kenntnisse der ESWL verloren gegangen sind. Ohne das Wissen um die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen und die erforderlichen Behandlungsprotokolle sind aber keine optimalen Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Die Kenntnis der jeweiligen Lithotripter-Spezifikationen, der Mechanismen der Steindesintegration und, hierauf aufbauend, der optimalen Behandlungsstrategien müssen dem Behandler für beste Effektivität bei niedrigster Komplikationsrate bekannt sein. Aufgrund der kürzlichen Aufnahme der ESWL in den Ambulanten Operationskatalog nach § 115 diskutiert diese Arbeit die medizinischen und ökonomischen Aspekte der ambulanten bzw. stationären ESWL-Durchführung. Die ambulante ESWL ist bei unkomplizierten Nierensteinen, welche mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit nach 1–2 Behandlungen sanierbar sind, möglich. Bei den häufigeren Harnleitersteinen sollte jedoch eine stationäre Therapie erfolgen, da schwere Komplikationen wie Koliken oder Urosepsis möglich sind. Insgesamt erscheint es gerade bei aller Begeisterung über die Weiterentwicklung der endoskopischen Therapien wichtig auf die Effektivität und vor allem die Sicherheit der ESWL hinzuweisen. Regelmäßige Anwendung und Ausbildung helfen die Ergebnisse zu optimieren und eine Vielzahl von Fehlermöglichkeiten auszuschalten.
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the method of choice for most renal and ureteral calculi. However, endoscopic procedures such as ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy are being more and more performed as primary treatment alternatives in clinical routine. This development may result from the sometimes unsatisfying results of ESWL. While this is often explained by a lower efficacy of last-generation machines, an often unrecognized explanation is the impact of a less well trained urologist. To achieve best results it is mandatory that fundamental knowledge about shock wave physics and disintegration mechanisms are available. In Germany, the reimbursement system between outpatient and inpatient departments is totally separate. This leads to difficulties in clinical practice. We believe that patients at risk for complications, such as ureteral stones, urinary tract infections or high age, benefit from inpatient treatment, while uncomplicated renal stones can safely be treated on an outpatient basis. Regular application and training of ESWL will aid an optimization of its results and acceptance.
Schlüsselwörter
Stoßwellenphysik - Indikationen - Kostenerstattung - ambulant - stationär
Key words
shock wave physics - indications - reimbursement - outpatient - inpatient
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Prof. Dr. T. Knoll
Urologische Klinik Sindelfingen · Klinikum Sindelfingen-Böblingen
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71065 Sindelfingen
Phone: 0 70 31 / 9 81 25 01
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Email: t.knoll@klinikverbund-suedwest.de
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