Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000083.xml
Synlett 2011(20): 2997-3001
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289889
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289889
LETTER
© Georg Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart ˙ New York
Sterically Controlled Stereoregulation in Aldol Reactions of 3-Aryl-1-alkyl Dihydrothiouracils
Further Information
Received
19 July 2011
Publication Date:
11 November 2011 (online)
Publication History
Publication Date:
11 November 2011 (online)
Abstract
Aldol reactions of 3-aryl-1-alkyl dihydrothiouracils were investigated with respect to the orientation of the exocyclic group at N1, electronic effects of the aryl substituent at N3 and the steric demands of the electrophile. The reactions highlight the preference for formation of the anti aldol diastereomer with increasing steric constraints of the reactants.
Key words
aldol reaction - cyclization - aldehyde - dihydrothiouracils - stereoselectivity
- Supporting Information for this article is available online:
- Supporting Information
- For a comprehensive discussion on aldol reactions, see:
-
1a
Meckleburger HB.Wilcox CS. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis Vol. 2:Trost BM.Fleming I. Pergamon Press; New York: 1991. p.99-131 -
1b
Heathcock CH. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis Vol. 2:Trost BM.Fleming I. Pergamon Press; New York: 1991. p.133-179 -
1c
Heathcock CH. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis Vol. 2:Trost BM.Fleming I. Pergamon Press; New York: 1991. p.181-238 -
1d
Kim BM.Williams SF.Masamune S. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis Vol. 2:Trost BM.Fleming I. Pergamon Press; New York: 1991. p.239-275 -
1e
Mahrwald R. Modern Aldol Reactions Wiley-VCH Verlag; Weinheim: 2004. p.1218-1223 -
1f
Yanagisawa A.Kimura K.Nakatsuka Y.Yamamoto H. Synlett 1998, 958 -
1g
Mahrwald R.Costisella B.Gündogan B. Synthesis 1998, 262 -
1h
Mahrwald R.Costisella B. Synthesis 1996, 1087 - For selected references, see:
-
2a
Evans DA.Bartroli J.Shih TL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103: 2127 -
2b
Evans DA. Aldrichimica Acta 1982, 15: 23 -
2c
Paterson I.Lister MA.McClure CK. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27: 4787 -
2d
Corey EJ.Imwinkelried R.Pikul S.Xiang YB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111: 5493 -
2e
Oppolzer W.Blagg J.Rodriguez I.Walther E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112: 2767 -
2f
Roder H.Helmchen G.Peters E.-M.Peters K.von Schmering H.-G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23: 898 -
2g
Sankhavasi W.Yamamoto M.Kohmoto S.Yamada K. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1991, 64: 1425 -
2h
Drewes SE.Malissar DGS.Roos GHP. Chem. Ber. 1991, 124: 2913 -
2i
Yan T.-H.Hung A.-W.Lee H.-C.Chang C.-S. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59: 8187 -
2j
Raimundo BC.Heathcock CH. Synlett 1995, 1213 -
2k
Yokoyama Y.Mochida K. Synlett 1996, 445 - For selected references, see:
-
3a
Schetter B.Mahrwald R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 7506 -
3b
Jiang Y.Hong J.Burke SD. Org. Lett. 2004, 61: 1445 -
3c
Crimmins MT.Dechert A.-MR. Org. Lett. 2009, 11: 1635 -
3d
Evans DA.Hu E.Burch JD.Jaeschke G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 5654 -
4a
Xie L.Isenberger KM.Held G.Dahl LM. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 7516 -
4b
Yamago S.Machii D.Nakamura E. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56: 2098 -
4c
Heathcock CH.Buse CT.Kleschick WA.Pirrung MC.Sohn JE.Lampe J. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45: 1066 -
4d
Evans DA.Dart MJ.Duffy JL.Rieger DL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117: 9073 -
4e
Evans DA.Rieger DL.Bilodeau MT.Urpi F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113: 1047 -
4f
Evans DA.Côté B.Coleman PJ.Connell BT. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125: 10893 -
5a
Baldwin SW.Chen P.Nikolic N.Weinseimer DC. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 1193 -
5b
Santos LS.Pilli RA. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2003, 14: 982 -
5c
Hoshimoto S.Matsunaga H.Kunieda T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2000, 48: 1541 -
6a
Demir-Ordu O.Dogan I. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2010, 21: 2455 -
6b
Narasimhulu PC.Das P. Synthesis 2009, 474 -
6c
Padakanti S.Kumar CK.Ashok E.Das P. Synthesis 2009, 2709 -
7a
Ulgheri F.Bacsa J.Nassimbeni L.Spanu P. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44: 671 -
7b
Spanu P.de Candia C.Ulgheri F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51: 2400 -
7c
Ulgheri F.Orrù G.Crisma M.Spanu P. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45: 1047 -
7d
Ulgheri F.Giunta D.Spanu P. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 11768 -
7e
Mio S.Ichinose R.Goto K.Sugai S. Tetrahedron 1991, 47: 2111 -
7f
Mio S.Shiraishi M.Sugai S.Haruyama H.Sato S. Tetrahedron 1991, 47: 2121 -
8a
Chai S.-Y,Elokdah HM, andSulkowaski TS. inventors; US Patent 5807864. -
8b
Ojima I,Fuchikami T, andFujita MT. inventors; US Patent 4581452. -
8c
Brouwer GW, andFelauer EE. inventors; US Patent 4927451. -
8d
Teranishi M,Murakata C,Matsukama I,Susono M,Shuto K, andIschikawa S. inventors; US Patent 4588729. -
8e
Elokdah H.Sulkowski TS.Abou-Gharbia M.Butera JA.Chai S.-Y.McFarlane GR.McKean M.-L.Babiak JL.Adelman SJ.Quinet EM. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47: 681 -
8f
Okawara T.Nakayama K.Furukawa M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1983, 31: 507 -
9a
Kumar V.Nair VA. Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51: 966 -
9b
Kumar V.Raghavaiah P.Mobin SM.Nair VA. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8: 4960 -
9c
Khatik GL.Pal A.Apsunde TD.Nair VA. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2010, 47: 734 -
9d
Khatik GL.Pal A.Mobin SM.Nair VA. Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51: 3654 -
9e
Khatik GL.Kaur J.Kumar V.Tikoo K.Venugopalan P.Nair VA. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2011, 46: 3291 -
9f
Chouhan M.Senwar KR.Sharma R.Grover V.Nair VA. Green Chem. 2011, 13: 2553 -
9g
Khatik GL.Khurana R.Kumar V.Nair VA. Synthesis 2011, 3123 -
9h
Sharma R.Chouhan M.Nair VA. Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51: 2039 -
9i
Chouhan M.Sharma R.Nair VA. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2011, 25: 470 -
9j
Sharma R.Chouhan M.Sood D.Nair VA. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2011, 25: 305 -
9k
Randive NA.Kumar V.Nair VA. Monatsh. Chem. 2010, 141: 1329 - 10
Azizi N.Saidi MR. Tetrahedron 2004, 60: 383 -
11a Energy
calculations were performed using the Gaussian 03 program. Computational
calibrations were done on a model compound {(6S)-methyl-3-(4-cyano-3-chlorophenyl)--1-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one} by energy minimizations
using the semi-empirical method MM2, and ab initio calculations
by Gaussian B3LYP with basis set 6-31G* (d,p). The outcomes
of these independent calculations were perfectly in agreement with the
structure of the molecule, as confirmed by single crystal X-ray
diffraction analysis, see reference 9b
-
11b
The present studies involve another molecule of the same template, and the structure was optimized by ab initio calculation using Gaussian B3LYP.